Fig. 1.

Schematic overview of protein synthesis and cap-dependent translation. The cap-binding factor eIF4E is released by 4E-BP as a result of its phosphorylation by mTOR. After the binding to the mRNA 5’-cap, eIF4E associates with the DEAD-box helicase Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 4A (eIF4A) and the Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 4G (eIF4G) to form the eIF4F complex. The interaction between eIF4G with the poly(A) binding proteins PABPs forms a closed-loop structure between 5’-UTR and 3’UTR. The ternary complex, consists of eIF2/GTP and met-tRNAi, that associates with the 40S, is also reported