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. 2021 Apr 7;31(4):831–839. doi: 10.1007/s10926-021-09970-x

Table 1.

Descriptive statistics of the study population by case/control group status, n (%)

Total population (n = 9720) Employees with reduced work ability (n = 683)
Cases (n = 4120) Controls (n = 5600) p for difference Cases (n = 281) Controls (n = 402) p for difference
Sex  < 0.001 0.43
Men 697 (17) 1243 (22) 70 (25) 111 (28)
Women 3423 (83) 4357 (78) 211 (75) 291 (72)
Mean age (SD) 47.7 (8.9) 48.1 (8.7) 0.01 49.9 (8.2) 50.8 (7.3) 0.14
Occupational class  < 0.001 0.001
High 2403 (60) 3221 (60) 176 (65) 223 (57)
Intermediate 344 (9) 1031 (19) 42 (16) 108 (28)
Low 1212 (31) 1161 (21) 50 (19) 59 (15)
Job contract  < 0.001  < 0.001
Permanent 3668 (89) 5526 (99) 261 (93) 399 (99)
Temporary 452 (11) 66 (1) 20 (7) 3 (1)
Smoking 0.22 0.12
Yes 550 (14) 799 (14) 55 (20) 98 (25)
Drinking 0.34 0.98
No 693 (17) 971 (17) 57 (20) 82 (20)
Moderate 3028 (74) 4133 (74) 187 (67) 265 (66)
Heavy 399 (9) 496 (9) 37 (13) 55 (14)
Physically inactive
 Yes 1009 (25) 1532 (27) 0.001 119 (42) 188 (47) 0.23
Psychiatric distress
 Yes 947 (23) 1234 (22) 0.27 167 (59) 227 (57) 0.46
Sickness absence of > 30 days (in 2 years pre-intervention)
 Yes 370 (9) 89 (2)  < 0.001 59 (21) 13 (3)  < 0.001
Pooled mean number* (SD) of sickness absence days
 Three years before 12.5 (14.4) 16.3 (21.3) 23.6 (20.3) 30.0 (32.9)
 Three years after 13.8 (20.4) 16.0 (22.0) 24.8 (29.4) 29.3 (32.3)

*Pooled mean = (Total number of sickness absence days year 1 + total number of sickness absence days year 2 + total number of sickness absence days year 3)/3