Table 1.
Characteristics and Results of Included Studies – Risk of CHD in People with COPD
| Study | Design and Setting | Population | CHD Definition | Maximally Adjusted Estimate (95% CI) | Factors Adjusted for |
| Li et al 20159 | A nationwide retrospective cohort study using the Taiwan National Health Institute Research Database from 1998 to 2008, with a follow-up period extending to the end of 2010 | For the claims data collected from 1998 to 2008, the ICD-9-CM code 496 was used to identify newly diagnosed chronic COPD or inclusion in the study cohort. All patients without a history of COPD were randomly selected from the registry of beneficiaries. The study enrolled 20728 COPD patients and 41147 controls. | According to (ICD-9-CM410-414) | HR 1.34(1.17-1.54) | Sex, age and comorbidities |
| Liao et al 201510 | A retrospective cohort design using the Taiwan Health Insurance Research Database. Patients in the study cohort were followed to the end of 2011. | The eligible study subjects were patients who received a discharge diagnosis of COPD (ICD-9-CM codes: 490–492, 496) during a hospitalization between January 1, 2002 and December 31, 2011.Control subjects were selected from hospitalized patients. The study included 8640 patients with COPD and 17280 controls. | According to (ICD-9-CM) | HR 1.58(1.2-2.08) | Age, gender and comorbidities |
| Mattila et al 201811 | The Mini-Finland Health Survey was carried out between 1978 and 1980.Patients were followed up through record linkage with national registers through 2011. | The data from 5576 subjects who had all pertinent health information collected through interviews, questionnaires, and clinical examinations, and for whom a comprehensive health examination was performed. | A major coronary event includes hospital care periods with ICD codes 410 and 411.0 (ICD-8 and ICD-9) and I20.0, I21, and I22 (ICD-10) | HR 1.06(0.79-1.42) | Age, gender and confounding factors |
| Ingebrigtsen et al 202012 | Data from The Copenhagen General Population Study. Recruitment began in 2003, and a follow-up examination of all individuals was initiated in 2014 and is still ongoing. | Identified 54046 individuals defined by one of eight groups of different phenotypes of airway disease, based on the information obtained in the questionnaires and results of spirometry, and a reference group consisting of participants with no respiratory disease. | Coronary heart disease (ICD-8:410-414 and ICD-10:I20–I25) | Stage 1+2 HR 1.5 (1.38-1.62) Stage 3+4 HR 2.15 (1.75-2.66) | Age and gender |
| Liao et al 201513 | The data used in the present study were derived from a sub-dataset of the NHIRD that comprises all records collected from 1996 to 2010 on 1 million randomly sampled beneficiaries enrolled in the NHI in 2010. | 20492 patients with COPD were selected to be the study patients and were designated as the COPD cohort. For each COPD patient, two non-COPD patients were randomly selected from the same study period according to the same exclusion criteria and were frequency-matched with the COPD patients according to age and sex to construct the non-COPD cohort, which comprised 40765 patients. | Coronary artery disease (ICD-9-CM410–414) | HR 1.19(1.09-1.20) | Age and sex |