Table 2.
All the results calculated using Stata.
| Characteristic | Trials | Participants | WMD | 95% CI | Z | P | I2 (%) | P for heterogeneity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body composition | ||||||||
| Weight (kg) | 45 | 2,225 | −1.78 | (−2.21, −1.35) | 8.11 | 0.000 | 0 | 0.960 |
| WC (cm) | 23 | 1,385 | −1.19 | (−1.80, −0.57) | 3.77 | 0.000 | 23.8 | 0.148 |
| FM (kg) | 33 | 1,610 | −1.26 | (−1.57, −0.95) | 7.87 | 0.000 | 22.9 | 0.121 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26 | 1,590 | −0.58 | (−0.80, −0.37) | 5.24 | 0.000 | 0 | 0.886 |
| Glycemic control | ||||||||
| FBG (mmol/L) | 34 | 1,863 | −0.053 | (−0.105, −0.001) | 2.02 | 0.044 | 44.4 | 0.003 |
| Fins (mIU/L) | 26 | 1,161 | −0.80 | (−1.15, −0.44) | 4.40 | 0.000 | 24.3 | 0.130 |
| HbA1c (%) | 9 | 544 | −0.06 | (−0.18, 0.05) | 1.07 | 0.287 | 0 | 0.974 |
| HOMA–IR | 19 | 866 | −0.21 | (−0.36, −0.05) | 2.66 | 0.008 | 38.4 | 0.046 |
| Blood pressure | ||||||||
| SBP (mmHg) | 29 | 1,393 | −2.14 | (−3.54, −0.73) | 2.97 | 0.003 | 36.2 | 0.028 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 27 | 1,277 | −1.38 | (−2.35, −0.41) | 2.79 | 0.005 | 0 | 0.588 |
| Lipid panel | ||||||||
| TC (mmol/L) | 33 | 1,766 | −0.10 | (−0.17, −0.02) | 2.54 | 0.011 | 14.6 | 0.233 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 34 | 1,750 | −0.09 | (−0.13, −0.04) | 3.78 | 0.000 | 5.5 | 0.377 |
| LDL–C (mmol/L) | 36 | 1,850 | −0.056 | (−0.114, 0.003) | 1.85 | 0.064 | 0 | 0.967 |
| HDL–C (mmol/L) | 36 | 1,852 | −0.01 | (−0.04, 0.01) | 1.15 | 0.250 | 0 | 0.858 |
WC, waist circumference; FM, fat mass; BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; FBG, fasting blood glucose; Fins, fasting insulin; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin; HOMA-IR, insulin resistance.