Table I.
Demographic and radiological data of the five study groups.
| Parameter | Total | Cam FAI | Acetabular retroversion | Hip dysplasia | Total acetabular retroversion | High acetabular anteversion | Control group | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hips (patients) | 120 (86) | 32 (24) | 41 (33) | 47 (29) | 15 (9) | 20 (17) | 48 (27) | |
| Mean age, yrs (SD; range) | 28 (8; 16 to 50) | 28 (9; 18 to 46) | 28 (8; 17 to 44) | 29 (9; 16 to 50) | 31 (7; 16 to 42) | 31 (10; 16 to 50) | 63 (11; 36 to 79)* | 0.003† |
| Female, % | 63 | 38 | 63 | 81 | 53 | 95 | 81 | < 0.001‡ |
| Left side, % | 43 | 50 | 41 | 40 | 53 | 25 | 52 | 0.188‡ |
| Mean height, cm (SD; range) | 172 (6; 158 to 188) | 176 (6; 162 to 181) | 171 (6; 160 to 181) | 170 (7; 158 to 188) | 171 (4; 165 to 175) | 170 (9; 158 to 188) | N/A | 0.009† |
| Mean weight, kg (SD; range) | 72 (14; 44 to 100) | 75 (11; 60 to 99) | 69 (14; 44 to 98) | 71 (14; 50 to 100) | 74 (21; 44 to 98) | 76 (16; 50 to 100) | N/A | 0.467† |
| Mean BMI, kg/m2 (SD; range) | 24 (6; 16 to 35) | 24 (4; 19 to 34) | 24 (4; 16 to 33) | 25 (5; 18 to 35) | 25 (7; 16 to 33) | 27 (5; 20 to 35) | N/A | 0.641† |
| Mean LCE, ° (SD; range) | 26 (10; 4 to 52) | 28 (3; 23 to 33) | 35 (7; 22 to 52) | 16 (5; 4 to 21) | 39 (7; 28 to 52) | 14 (4; 4 to 20) | 35 (4; 24 to 40) | < 0.001† |
| Mean AI, ° (SD; range) | 6 (7; -11 to 27) | 4 (6; -9 to 15) | 1 (5; -11 to 9) | 12 (6; 2 to 27) | 0 (5; -11 to 9) | 15 (6; 3 to 25) | 2 (3; -6 to 7) | < 0.001† |
| Mean EI, ° (SD; range) | 24 (9; 0 to 46) | 21 (4; 12 to 29) | 16 (7; 0 to 29) | 32 (6; 14 to 46) | 11 (6; 0 to 23) | 36 (4; 30 to 46) | N/A | < 0.001† |
| Mean total coverage, % (SD; range) | 74 (12; 32 to 100) | 78 (7; 67 to 92) | 82 (9; 64 to 100) | 64 (9; 32 to 78) | 86 (9; 71 to 100) | 61 (10; 32 to 71) | N/A | < 0.001† |
| Mean anterior coverage, % (SD; range) | 23 (10; 1 to 54) | 21 (5; 10 to 30) | 34 (8; 19 to 54) | 15 (6; 1 to 27) | 40 (6; 28 to 50) | 10 (4; 1 to 14) | N/A | < 0.001† |
| Mean posterior coverage, % (SD; range) | 39 (8; 18 to 61) | 44 (9; 24 to 61) | 34 (7; 20 to 46) | 39 (6; 18 to 50) | 31 (8; 20 to 45) | 40 (6; 30 to 50) | N/A | < 0.001† |
| Crossover sign, % | 58 | 53 | 100 | 23 | 100 | 15 | N/A | < 0.001‡ |
| Mean retroversion index, % (SD; range) | 21 (25; 0 to 100) | 8 (10; 0 to 29) | 51 (21; 30 to 100) | 5 (7; 0 to 25) | 73 (19; 50 to 100) | 3 (7; 0 to 13) | N/A | < 0.001† |
| Posterior wall sign, % | 69 | 41 | 100 | 64 | 100 | 70 | N/A | < 0.001‡ |
| Ischial spine sign, % | 53 | 31 | 100 | 28 | 100 | 10 | N/A | < 0.001‡ |
| Mean α angle, ° (SD; range) | 59 (12; 34 to 87) | 66 (10; 51 to 85) | 59 (14; 41 to 87) | 55 (11; 34 to 85) | 61 (10; 45 to 72) | 41 (6; 33 to 49) | N/A | < 0.001† |
| Mean neck-shaft angle, ° (SD; range) | 133 (7; 110 to 159) | 130 (4; 120 to 137) | 131 (7; 110 to 142) | 137 (8; 124 to 159) | 128 (5; 116 to 135) | 139 (9; 126 to 159) | 130 (5; 122 to 139) | < 0.001† |
| Mean symphysis sacrococcygeal distance, ° (SD; range) | 54 (16; 23 to 92) | 50 (18; 23 to 88) | 58 (17; 33 to 92) | 53 (12; 34 to 84) | 64 (13; 47 to 80) | 54 (10; 41 to 75) | N/A | 0.079† |
| Mean sacrofemoral pubic angle, ° (SD; range) | 69 (6; 58 to 85) | 68 (6; 60 to 82) | 72 (5; 65 to 85) | 67 (5; 58 to 75)* | 74 (6; 66 to 85) | 66 (5; 59 to 74) | N/A | 0.135† |
*
Significant difference compared to acetabular retroversion group.
†
Analysis of variance.
‡
Chi-squared test.
AI, acetabular index; EI, extrusion index; FAI, femoroacetabular impingement; LCE, lateral centre edge angle; SD, standard deviation.