Table 3.

Primary and secondary outcomes from baseline to 6 months for intermittent vs. continuous groups (intention-to-treat analysis).

Variable	Mean (SEM) [95% CI]	p-value (time)	Mean (SEM) [95% CI]		p-value (diet × time)
	All participants (n = 205)		IER group (n = 102)	CER group (n = 103)
Primary outcomes
Systolic BP, mmHg	−7 (0.7) [−11-−3]	<0.001	−7 (0.7) [−9-−4]	−7 (0.6) [−9-−4]	0.39
Diastolic BP, mmHg	−6 (0.5) [−10-−3]	<0.001	−6 (0.5) [−8-−4]	−5 (0.5) [−8-−4]	0.41
Weight, kg	−6.9 (0.6) [−11.0-−3.5]	<0.001	−7.0 (0.6) [−11.1-−4.1]	−6.8 (0.6) [−10.4-−3.5]	0.62
Secondary outcomes
Total body fat, %	−1.6 (0.3) [−2.3-−1.1]	<0.001	−1.7 (0.3) [−2.4-−0.9]	−1.6 (0.3) [−2.3-−0.6]	0.33
Total fat mass, kg	−5.0 (0.5) [−6.0-−3.7]	<0.001	−5.4 (0.6) [−5.6-−3.4]	−4.7 (0.5) [−4.4-−2.4]	0.07
Total fat-free mass, kg	−1.9 (0.3) [−2.6-−1.3]	<0.001	−1.6 (0.2) [−2.6-−1.3]	−2.1 (0.2) [−2.6-−0.9]	0.04
Android fat, %	−3.5 (0.9) [−6.0-−1.7]	<0.001	−3.7 (1.1) [−6.6-−2.2]	−3.3 (1.0) [−5.7-−1.4]	0.44
Android fat mass, kg	−0.8 (0.2) [−1.3-−0.4]	<0.001	−1.0 (0.2) [−1.8-−0.6]	−0.7 (0.1) [−1.2-−0.5]	0.21
Android fat-free mass, kg	−0.3 (0.1) [−0.5-−0.1]	<0.001	−0.3 (0.1) [−1.6-−0.1]	−0.3 (0.1) [−0.6-−0.08]	0.13
Triglycerides, mmol/L	−1 (0.4) [−2.1-−0.3]	<0.001	−0.9(0.4) [−1.6-−0.2]	−1.1 (0.4) [−2.0-−0.5]	0.72
Total cholesterol, mmol/L	−0.9 (0.4) [−1.9-−0.4]	<0.001	−0.8 (0.4) [−1.7-−0.4]	−1.0 (0.3) [−1.4-−0.5]	0.65
LDL cholesterol, mmol/L	−0.7 (0.3) [−1.1-−0.3]	<0.001	−0.9 (0.3) [−1.4-−0.3]	−0.6 (0.3) [−1.1-−0.3]	0.59
HDL cholesterol, mmol/L	0.1 (0.1) [0.02-0.22]	<0.05	0.1 (0.1) [0.01-0.21]	0.2 (0.1) [0.07-0.28]	0.38
HbA1c, %	−0.2 (0.1) [−0.3-−0.1]	<0.01	−0.2 (0.1) [−0.4-−0.1]	−0.2 (0.1) [−0.3-−0.1]	0.81

SEM, indicates standard error of mean; IER, intermittent energy restriction; CER, continuous energy restriction; SD, standard deviation; BP, blood pressure; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c.