Table 3.

Comparison of Strength and Physical Performance Between HPs and HD Patients

	HPs	HD Patients	P-value
HGS (kg)	30.0 (19.3)	26.0 (9.8)	<0.001
GS (m/s)	1.08 ± 0.18	0.92 ± 0.20	<0.001
5STS (s)	5.3 (2.3)	7.8 (3.4)	<0.001
STS30	25.0 ± 6.9	17.8 ± 5.7	<0.001
6MWT (m)	569 (119)	479 (142)	<0.001
TUG	5.6 (1.3)	6.7 (2.9)	<0.001
SPPB	12.0 (0)	11.5 (2.0)	<0.001

Notes: Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation for variables with normal distribution and median (interquartile range) for variables with non-normal distribution. P-values were tested using Student’s t-test for variables with normal distribution and Mann–Whitney U-test for variables with non-normal distribution.

Abbreviations: HPs, healthy participants; HD, hemodialysis; HGS, handgrip strength; GS, gait speed; 5STS, five times sit-to-stand test; STS30, sit-to-stand for 30-s test; 6-MWT, 6-minute walk test; TUG, timed up-and-go test; SPPB, short physical performance battery.