Table 2. Baseline characteristics according to the number of ideal cardiovascular health components.
| Characteristic | Number of ideal cardiovascular health components | p value | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 (n=1,892) | 1 (n=7,734) | 2 (n=12,989) | 3 (n=14,298) | 4 (n=12,761) | 5 (n=9,476) | 6 (n=2,258) | |||
| Age (years) | 53.0±0.3 | 53.9±−0.2 | 52.2±0.2 | 47.8±0.2 | 42.0±0.2 | 36.1±0.2 | 34.4±0.3 | <0.0001 | |
| Sex | <0.0001 | ||||||||
| Male | 92.0 (90.7–93.3) | 69.7 (68.6–70.8) | 60.2 (59.2–61.2) | 53.6 (52.7–54.6) | 42.4 (41.3–43.4) | 26.1 (25.0–27.2) | 23.4 (21.0–25.7) | ||
| Female | 8.0 (6.7–9.3) | 30.3 (29.2–31.4) | 39.8 (38.8–40.8) | 46.4 (45.4–47.3) | 57.6 (56.6–58.7) | 73.9 (72.8–75.0) | 76.6 (74.3–79.0) | ||
| Education level (n=61,337) | <0.0001 | ||||||||
| Below high school | 32.2 (29.8–34.5) | 39.9 (38.5–41.3) | 38.1 (36.9–39.3) | 29.8 (28.8–30.8) | 19.5 (18.7–20.4) | 9.5 (8.8–10.2) | 6.8 (5.7–7.9) | ||
| High school | 35.4 (32.9–38.0) | 31.6 (30.3–33.0) | 33.2 (32.1–34.3) | 36.6 (35.5–37.6) | 41.6 (40.5–42.7) | 41.7 (40.4–43.0) | 41.6 (39.2–44.1) | ||
| College/university or above | 32.4 (29.9–34.9) | 28.5 (27.1–29.9) | 28.7 (27.6–29.8) | 33.6 (32.5–34.8) | 38.9 (37.7–40.0) | 48.8 (47.5–50.2) | 51.5 (49.1–54.0) | ||
| Alcohol intake (drinks/week) (n=61,324) | <0.0001 | ||||||||
| None | 22.6 (20.5–24.7) | 35.5 (34.2–36.8) | 40.8 (39.8–41.9) | 41.5 (40.5–42.5) | 42.2 (41.2–43.3) | 44.8 (43.6–46.0) | 44.1 (41.6–46.5) | ||
| <3 per week | 2.0 (1.4–2.6) | 3.0 (2.6–3.4) | 3.9 (3.5–4.3) | 4.0 (3.7–4.4) | 5.5 (5.0–5.9) | 6.2 (5.7–6.8) | 6.2 (5.1–7.2) | ||
| ≥3 per week | 75.4 (73.3–77.6) | 61.6 (60.2–62.9) | 55.3 (54.2–56.3) | 54.5 (53.5–55.5) | 52.3 (51.2–53.4) | 49.0 (47.8–50.3) | 49.8 (47.3–52.2) | ||
| Hypertension | 62.9 (60.3–65.4) | 56.3 (54.8–57.7) | 42.3 (41.2–43.3) | 25.1 (24.2–25.9) | 9.3 (8.7–9.9) | 1.5 (1.2–1.8) | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | <0.0001 | |
| Diabetes mellitus | 33.2 (30.7–35.7) | 25.4 (24.2–26.5) | 15.5 (14.8–16.2) | 6.6 (6.1–7.1) | 1.9 (1.6–2.1) | 0.3 (0.2–0.4) | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | <0.0001 | |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 215.4±1.1 | 206.0±0.5 | 200.4±0.4 | 192.2±0.3 | 182.3±0.3 | 170.0±0.3 | 165.5±0.5 | <0.0001 | |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 243.0±5.4 | 197.3±2.6 | 168.7±1.4 | 133.8±0.9 | 107.4±0.9 | 83.5±0.6 | 75.6±1.0 | <0.0001 | |
| HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL) | 46.1±0.3 | 46.7±0.1 | 47.5±0.1 | 49.5±0.1 | 51.8±0.1 | 54.0±0.2 | 54.7±0.3 | <0.0001 | |
| Smoking Status | <0.0001 | ||||||||
| Ideal | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | 30.2 (29.1–31.4) | 45.2 (44.1–46.3) | 54.5 (53.5–55.5) | 65.8 (64.7–66.9) | 88.1 (87.3–88.9) | 100 (100.0–100.0) | ||
| Intermediate | 51.2 (48.5–53.9) | 34.1 (32.8–35.3) | 25.1 (24.2–26.1) | 18.6 (17.9–19.4) | 11.9 (11.2–12.6) | 4.0 (3.5–4.5) | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | ||
| Poor | 48.8 (46.1–51.5) | 35.7 (34.3–37.1) | 29.7 (28.7–30.7) | 26.8 (25.9–27.8) | 22.3 (21.3–23.3) | 8.0 (7.2–8.7) | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | ||
| Physical activity | <0.0001 | ||||||||
| Ideal | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | 13.2 (12.3–14.2) | 23.3 (22.3–24.2) | 31.2 (30.2–32.2) | 36.2 (35.3–37.3) | 40.7 (39.5–41.8) | 100 (100.0–100.0) | ||
| Intermediate | 20.8 (18.6–23.1) | 16.5 (15.4–17.6) | 14.2 (13.5–15.0) | 13.7 (13.0–14.4) | 13.9 (13.1–14.6) | 13.5 (12.7–14.3) | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | ||
| Poor | 79.2 (76.9–81.4) | 70.3 (69.0–71.6) | 62.5 (61.4–63.6) | 55.1 (54.0–56.2) | 49.9 (48.7–51.0) | 45.9 (44.6–47.1) | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | ||
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | <0.0001 | ||||||||
| Ideal | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | 6.8 (6.1–7.4) | 18.3 (17.5–19.1) | 35.8 (34.8–36.7) | 59.9 (58.8–61.0) | 85.8 (84.9–86.6) | 100 (100.0–100.0) | ||
| Intermediate | 30.0 (27.5–32.4) | 31.0 (29.8–32.2) | 31.2 (30.2–32.2) | 28.6 (27.7–29.5) | 20.8 (19.9–21.7) | 8.0 (7.3–8.6) | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | ||
| Poor | 70.0 (67.6–72.5) | 62.2 (60.9–63.5) | 505 (49.5–51.6) | 35.6 (34.6–36.6) | 19.3 (18.4–20.1) | 6.3 (5.7–6.9) | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | ||
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | <0.0001 | ||||||||
| Ideal | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | 20.2 (19.2–21.3) | 39.5 (38.4–40.5) | 57.3 (56.3–58.2) | 73.8 (72.9–74.7) | 92.5 (91.9–93.1) | 100 (100.0–100.0) | ||
| Intermediate | 71.5 (69.0–73.9) | 60.3 (59.0–61.5) | 45.6 (44.6–46.7) | 33.5 (32.6–34.4) | 21.5 (20.7–22.3) | 6.4 (5.9–7.0) | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | ||
| Poor | 28.5 (26.1–31.0) | 19.5 (18.5–20.6) | 14.9 (14.2–15.6) | 9.2 (8.7–9.8) | 4.7 (4.3–5.1) | 1.0 (0.8–1.3) | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | ||
| Blood pressure (mm Hg) | <0.0001 | ||||||||
| Ideal | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | 7.2 (6.5–8.0) | 20.9 (20.0–21.8) | 44.9 (43.9–46.0) | 72.8 (71.8–73.8) | 94.4 (93.9–95.0) | 100 (100.0–100.0) | ||
| Intermediate | 59.4 (56.7–62.1) | 56.2 (54.9–57.6) | 51.6 (50.6–52.7) | 39.5 (38.5–40.6) | 21.6 (20.7–22.5) | 4.7 (4.2–5.2) | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | ||
| Poor | 40.6 (37.9–43.3) | 36.5 (35.3–37.8) | 27.5 (26.5–28.4) | 15.5 (14.8–16.2) | 5.6 (5.2–6.0) | 0.9 (0.7–1.1) | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | ||
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | <0.0001 | ||||||||
| Ideal | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | 22.3 (21.0–23.5) | 52.9 (51.8–54.0) | 76.3 (75.5–77.2) | 91.5 (90.9–92.0) | 98.5 (98.3–98.8) | 100 (100.0–100.0) | ||
| Intermediate | 74.2 (71.9–76.5) | 59.6 (58.2–60.9) | 36.5 (35.4–37.5) | 19.3 (18.5–20.1) | 7.5 (7.0–8.0) | 1.4 (1.1–1.6) | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | ||
| Poor | 25.8 (23.5–28.1) | 18.2 (17.1–19.2) | 10.6 (10.0–11.3) | 4.4 (4.0–4.8) | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) | 0.1 (0.0–0.2) | 0.0 (0.0–0.0) | ||
Values are presented as weighted prevalence (95% confidence interval) or weighted mean±standard deviation.
DBP = diastolic blood pressure; HDL = high-density lipoprotein; SBP = systolic blood pressure.