Table 2. Summary of studies showing the prognostic value of arterial pulsatile hemodynamics in patients with CAD.
| Source (year) | Population | Number of subjects | Follow-up duration | Measure of arterial hemodynamics | Result | Summary of findings |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hametner et al.44) (2021) | Patients with susp. CAD | 1,040 | 4.3 years | Invasive aPWV | + | Risk of MACE ⇑ with aPWV (multiple-adjusted HR per SD, 1.18). |
| Kaolawanich et al.99) (2020) | Patients with susp. CAD | 520 | 3.9 years | aPWV by CMR | + | Risk of MACE ⇑ with aPWV ≥10.54 m/s (multiple-adjusted HR, 2.42). |
| Siasos et al.104) (2018) | Patients with successful PCI | 262 | 1 year | cfPWV | + | Risk of MACE ⇑ with cfPWV (multiple-adjusted HR per SD, 1.29). |
| Hwang et al.97) (2018) | Patients with susp. CAD/CCTA | 523 | 1.8 years | baPWV | + | Risk of composite endpoint ⇑ with baPWV ≥1,619 cm/sec (multiple-adjusted HR, 4.7). |
| Maruhashi et al.102) (2018) | Patients/CAD | 462 | 5.3 years | baPWV | + | Risk of coronary events ⇑ with baPWV >1,731 cm/sec (multiple-adjusted HR, 1.86). |
| Feistritzer et al.96) (2017) | Patients with STEMI | 160 | 1.2 years | aPWV by CMR | + | Risk of MACE ⇑ with aPWV >7.3 m/sec (adjusted HRs, 3.5–5.3). |
| Lin et al.51) (2016) | Patients/PCI | 1,126 | 2.5 years | Invasive aPP | + | Risk of repeated PCI ⇑ with aPP (multiple-adjusted HR per mm Hg, 1.014). |
| Tokitsu et al.106) (2015) | Patients/CAD | 401 | 2.9 years | brPP | + | Risk of cardiovascular events ⇑ with aPP >60 mm Hg m/sec (adjusted HR, 1.71). |
| Lee et al.101) (2015) | Patients susp. CAD/MPI | 350 | 1.2 years | baPWV | + | Risk of cardiovascular events ⇑ with baPWV ≥1,790 cm/s (multiple-adjusted HR, 2.03). |
| Ki et al.100) (2014) | Patients/PCI | 372 | 2 years | baPWV | + | Risk of cardiac death ⇑ with baPWV ≥1,672 cm/s (multiple-adjusted HR, 6.77). |
| Sugamata et al.105) (2014) | Patients with stable CAD | 923 | 4.1 years | baPWV | + | Risk of coronary events ⇑ with baPWV (multiple-adjusted HR per SD, 1.52). |
| Kaneko et al.98) (2013) | Patients/PCI | 275 | 6–12 months | baPWV | + | Risk of progression of new coronary lesion ⇑ with baPWV (multiple-adjusted OR per 1 cm/sec, 1.02). |
| Weber et al.108) (2010) | Male patients/invasive CAG | 520 | 4.1 years | AIx, AIx@75, and PWTT by radial app tono | + | Risk of combined clinical endpoint ⇑ with AIx (multiple-adjusted HR per 10%, 1.26), AIx@75 (multiple-adjusted HR per 10% 1.27), and ⇓ with PWTT (multiple-adjusted HR per 10 msec, 0.84). |
| Nakamura et al.103) (2010) | Diabetic patients/CAD | 564 | 3 years | baPWV | + | Risk of MACE ⇑ with baPWV ≥1,730 cm/s (multiple-adjusted HR, 1.97). |
| Chirinos et al.49) (2005) | Male patients/invasive CAG | 297 | 3.2 years | Invasive aPP and AIx | + | Risk of MACE ⇑ with AIx (multiple-adjusted HR per 10%, 1.28) and AP (multiple-adjusted HR per 10 mm Hg, 1.19). |
| Weber et al.34) (2005) | Patients/PCI | 262 | 2 years | AIx@75 by app tono of radial artery | + | Risk of MACE ⇑ with AIx@75 (multiple-adjusted HR per increasing tertile 1.8). |
| Tomiyama et al.107) (2005) | Patients/ACS | 215 | 1.1 years | baPWV | + | Risk of MACE ⇑ with baPWV >1,700 cm/s (multiple-adjusted HR, 9.22). |
ACS = acute coronary syndrome; AIx = augmentation index; AIx@75 = AIx corrected by heart rate 75 bpm; aPP = aortic pulse pressure; app tono = applanation tonometry; aPWV = aortic pulse wave velocity; baPWV = brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity; brPP = brachial pulse pressure; CAD = coronary artery disease; CAG = coronary angiography; CCTA = coronary computed tomography angiography; cfPWV = carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity; CI = confidence interval; CMR = cardiac magnetic resonance imaging; CTA = computed tomography angiography; HR = hazard ratio; MACE = major adverse cardiovascular event; MPI = myocardial perfusion imaging; OR = odds ratio; PCI = percutaneous coronary intervention; PWTT = pulse wave transit time; SD = standard deviation; STEMI = ST-elevation myocardial infarction; susp. = suspected.