Table 2.
AKI in Cohorts of Hospitalized Adult (≥18 Years Old) Patients Infected With Respiratory Viruses That Bind and/or Downregulate ACE2.
| Publication | Total (n) |
ICU admission (n, % of total) |
Shock (n, % of total) | Vasopressor use (n, % of total) | RRT (% of ICU) | RRT (n, % of total) | AKI (n, % of ICU) | AKI (n, % of total) | DIED + AKI (n, % of AKI) | DIED (n, % ICU) | DIED (n, % of total) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (A) SARS-CoV-1 | |||||||||||
| Fowler et al95a | 38 | 38 (100) | 14 (37) | 2 (5) | 2 (5) | 13 (34) | 13 (34) | ||||
| Gomersall et al 96 | 54 | 54 (100) | 6 (11) | 6 (11) | 14 (26) | 14 (26) | |||||
| Lew et al 97 | 46 | 46 (100) | 3 (7) | 9 (20) | 9 (20) | 9 (20) | 9 (20) | 24 (52) | 24 (52) | ||
| Totals SARS-CoV-1 | 138 | 138 (100) | 3 (7) | 14 (37) | 17 (12) | 17 (12) | 9 (20) | 9 (20) | n/a | 51 (37) | 51 (37) |
| (B) Influenza H1N1 | |||||||||||
| Abdulkader et al 98 | 47 | 47 (100) | 22 (47) | 8 (17) | 8 (17) | 25 (53) | 25 (53) | 9 (36) | 9 (19) | 9 (19) | |
| Bautista et al 99 | 32 | 32 (100) | 17 (53) | 17 (53) | 6 (35) | 7 (22) | |||||
| Casas-Aparicios et al 100 | 60 | 60 (100) | 4 (7) | 4 (7) | 43 (72) | 43 (72) | 17 (40) | 19 (32) | 19 (32) | ||
| Chaari 101 | 34 | 34 (100) | 4 (12) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 11 (32) | 11 (32) | 7 (64) | 11 (21) | 11 (21) | |
| Chacko et al 102 | 31 | 31 (100) | 18 (58) | 6 (19) | 6 (19) | 11 (35) | 11 (35) | 4 (36) | 6 (19) | 6 (19) | |
| Demirjian et al 103 | 89 | 36 (40) | 12 (33) | 12 (13) | 24 (67) | 37 (42) | 9 (24) | 10 (28) | 10/36 (28) | ||
| Koegelenberg et al 104 | 19 | 19 (100) | 8 (42) | 3 (16) | 3 (16) | 13 (68) | 13 (68) | 12 (92) | 13 (68) | ||
| Nicolay et al 105 | 76 | 76 (100) | 39 (51) | 24 (32) | 24 (32) | 24 (32) | 24 (32) | 14 (18) | 14 (18) | ||
| Nin et al 106 | 84 | 84 (100) | 37 (44) | 20 (24) | 20 (24) | 43 (51) | 43 (51) | 30 (70) | 46 (55) | 46 (55) | |
| Pettilä et al 107 | 628 | 628 (100) | 208/562 (37) | 33 (5) | 33 (5) | 211 (34) | 211 (34) | 76 (36) | 109 (17) | 109 (17) | |
| Samra et al 108 | 61 | 61 (100) | 2 (3) | 2 (3) | 16 (26) | 16 (26) | 50 (77) | 50 (77) | |||
| Tang et al 109 | 75 | 75 (100) | 10 (13) | 8 (11) | 8 (11) | 26 (35) | 26 (35) | ||||
| Tignanelli et al 110 | 57 | 57 (100) | 44 (77) | 38 (67) | 38 (67) | 57 (100) | 57 (100) | 20 (35) | 20 (35) | 20 (35) | |
| Trimarchi et al 111 | 22 | 22 (100) | 4 (18) | 4 (18) | 14 (64) | 14 (64) | 10 (71) | 12 (55) | 12 (55) | ||
| Vallejos et al 112 | 44 | 44 (100) | 35 (80) | 44 (100) | 44 (100) | 44 (100) | 44 (100) | 36 (82) | 36 (82) | 36 (82) | |
| Venkata et al 113 | 66 | 29 (44) | 10 (15) | 10 (15) | 4 (14) | 4 (6) | 14 (21) | 5 (17) | 5 (8) | ||
| Totals Influenza H1N1 | 1425 | 1335 (94) | 69 (25) | 376 (43) | 202 (16) | 202 (15) | 561 (43) | 588 (41) | 236 (45) | 373 (29) | 393 (29) |
| (C) Influenza H7N9 | |||||||||||
| Yu et al 114 | 12 | 12 (100) | 4 (33) | 7 (58) | 7 (58) | 5 (71) | 6 (50) | 6 (50) | |||
| Totals Influenza H7N9 | 12 | 12 (100) | 4 (33) | n/a | n/a | n/a | 7 (58) | 7 (58) | 5 (71) | 6 (50) | 6 (50) |
| (D) ACE2-associated virus totals | |||||||||||
| SARS-CoV-1 | 138 | 138 (100) | 3 (7) | 14 (37) | 17 (12) | 17 (12) | 9 (20) | 9 (20) | 51 (37) | 51 (37) | |
| Influenza H1N1 | 1425 | 1335 (94) | 69 (25) | 376 (43) | 202 (16) | 202 (15) | 561 (43) | 588 (41) | 236 (45) | 373 (29) | 393 (29) |
| Influenza H7N9 | 12 | 12 (100) | 4 (33) | 7 (58) | 7 (58) | 5 (71) | 6 (50) | 6 (50) | |||
| Totals ACE2 viruses | 1575 | 1485 (94) | 76 (23) | 390 (42) | 219 (16) | 219 (11) | 577 (42) | 604 (41) | 241 (45) | 430 (30) | 450 (30) |
Note. AKI = acute kidney injury; ACE2 = angiotensin converting enzyme 2; ICU = intensive care unit; RRT = renal replacement therapy; SARS-CoV-1 = Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 1.
a
Vasopressor and inotrope use reported together.