Table 2.
Studies assessing the effect of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) treatment in repeated implantation failure (RIF) patients in vitro fertilization.
| Year of Publication | Country | Year of Study | RCT | Objects | Sample Size | Intervention | Control | Time of PRP Infusion | Transfer Type | Outcome Measures | Effects | Reference | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case | Control | Cases | Control | P Value* | ||||||||||||
| 2016 | Iran | March to June 2016 | A single arm preliminary study of an RCT | Women aged under 40 who failed to conceive after 3 or more ET with high-quality embryos | 20 | / | HRT+Intrauterine infusion of 0.5ml of PRP | / | 48h before ET | FET | Clinical pregnancy | 18/20(90%) | 0/20 | / | (30) | |
| Ongoing pregnancy | 16/20(80%) | 0/20 | / | |||||||||||||
| Molar pregnancy | 1/20(5%) | 0/20 | / | |||||||||||||
| 2019 | Turkey | January 2014 to January 2017 | No | Patients aged between 21 and 39 with a history of at least three consecutive failed IVF | 34 | 36 | HRT+Intrauterine infusion of 1ml of PRP | Underwent ET without intrauterine administration | 48h before ET | FET | Endometrial thickness (mm) | 10/(8–14) | 6.25(4.3–6.9) | <0.001 | ↑ | (31) |
| Clinical pregnancy | 17/34(50%) | 12/36(33.3%) | 0.042 | ↑ | ||||||||||||
| Live birth | 14/34(41.2%) | 6/36(16.7%) | 0.045 | ↑ | ||||||||||||
| 2019 | Iran | 2016-2017 | No | Patients with history of more than 2 repeated failed embryo transfer cycles | 67 | 56 | HRT+Intrauterine infusion of 1ml of PRP | Underwent ET with systemic administration of GCSF | 48h before ET | FET | Chemical pregnancy | 29/67 (43.3%) | 15/56 (26.8%) | 0.057 | (-) | (32) |
| Clinical pregnancy | 27/67(40.3%) | 12/56 (21.4%) | 0.025 | ↑ | ||||||||||||
| 2019 | Brazil | February 2017 to October 2017 | No | Patients with ≥2embryo transfers, and at least 5 good-morphological embryos were transferred | 33 | 33 | HRT+Intrauterine infusion of 0.7ml of PRP+subcutaneous G-CSF injection (300mg/0.5ml started simultaneously to PRP and was administered subcutaneously every week) | Patients in their first IVF/ICSI cycle attempt without PRP or G-CSF treatment | 48h before ET | ICSI | Clinical pregnancy | 12/33(36.4%) | 10/33(30.3%) | 0.61 | (-) | (33) |
| Implantation rate | 14/77(18.2%) | 12/68(17.6%) | 0.90 | (-) | ||||||||||||
| Miscarriage rate | 3/12(25.0%) | 1/10(9.0%) | 0.43 | (-) | ||||||||||||
| Ongoing pregnancy | 9/33(27.3%) | 9/33(27.3%) | 0.99 | (-) | ||||||||||||
| Live birth | 9/33(27.3%) | 9/33(27.3%) | 0.99 | (-) | ||||||||||||
| 2020 | Iran | 2016-2017 | Yes | Patients aged below 40 years with history of 3 or more embryo transfer failures with high-quality embryos and candidates for FET | 49 | 48 | HRT+Intrauterine infusion of 0.5 ml of PRP | Underwent ET without intrauterine administration | 48h before ET | FET | Chemical pregnancy | 26/49(53.06) | 13/48(27.08) | 0.009 | ↑ | (34) |
| Clinical pregnancy | 22/49(44.89%) | 8/48(16.66%) | 0.003 | ↑ | ||||||||||||
| 2020 | Iran | 2016-2018 | No | Women aged under 35 with a failure to achieve a clinical pregnancy after the transfer of at least four good-quality embryos in at least three fresh or frozen cycles and normal endometrial thickness (≥7 mm) | 42 | 43 | HRT+Intrauterine infusion of 1ml of PRP | Underwent ET without intrauterine administration | 48h before ET | FET | Biochemical pregnancy | 15/42(35.7%) | 16/43(37.2%) | 0.89 | (-) | (35) |
| Clinical pregnancy | 13/42(31.0%) | 16/43(37.2%) | 0.54 | (-) | ||||||||||||
| Ongoing pregnancy | 11/42(26.8%) | 11/43(25.6%) | 0.90 | (-) | ||||||||||||
| 2020 | Iran | 2016-2019 | Yes | Women aged between 20–40years who failed to be pregnant after three or more embryo transfer of embryos with good quality | 55 | 43 | HRT+Intrauterine infusion of 0.5ml of PRP | Underwent ET without intrauterine administration | 48h before ET | FET | Clinical pregnancy | 29/55(52.7%) | 10/43(23.3%) | 0.001 | ↑ | (36) |
| Ongoing pregnancy | 28/55(50.9%) | 7/43(16.3%) | 0.001 | ↑ | ||||||||||||
| Implantation rate | 35/55 (63.6%) | 15/43 (34.9%) | 0.001 | ↑ | ||||||||||||
*: ↑, increase; (-), no significant change.