FIGURE 3.

Extrusion and emulsion methods. (A) Electrostatic/electrospray droplet extrusion technique for microencapsulation of stem cells and bioactive molecules. Figure adapted with permission from Figure 1 of (Verica et al., 2008). (B) Emulsification technique (water-in-oil emulsion) produces hydrogels for cell encapsulation. Figure adapted with permission from Figure 6 of (Choe et al., 2018).