Table 1. Baseline characteristics in total population and by groups (digoxin vs. not digoxin).
| Variables | Total population (n = 795) | Digoxin (n = 380) | Not digoxin (n = 415) | P-value |
| Data are presented as means ± SD or n (%). *Presented as anemia is defined as hemoglobin levels < 12.0 g/dL in women and < 13.0 g/dL in men. &Presented as eGFR was calculated according to Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI). eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate. | ||||
| Age, yrs | 92.5 ± 3.8 | 92.7 ± 3.8 | 92.4 ± 3.8 | 0.241 |
| Female | 565 (71%) | 286 (75.3%) | 279 (67.2%) | 0.013 |
| Hypertension | 579 (72.8%) | 276 (72.6%) | 303 (73%) | 0.904 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 143 (18%) | 63 (16.6%) | 80 (19.2%) | 0.322 |
| Coronary artery disease | 131 (16.5%) | 48 (12.6%) | 83 (20%) | 0.005 |
| Prior stroke | 139 (17.5%) | 70 (18.4%) | 69 (16.6%) | 0.506 |
| Peripheral artery disease | 33 (4.1%) | 15 (3.9%) | 18 (4.3%) | 0.783 |
| Prior heart failure | 306 (38.5%) | 151 (39.7%) | 155 (37.4%) | 0.409 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 67 (8.4%) | 33 (8.7%) | 34 (8.2%) | 0.803 |
| Prior cancer | 103 (13%) | 48 (12.6%) | 55 (13.3%) | 0.794 |
| CHA2DS2-VASC | 4.6 ± 1.3 | 4.6 ± 1.4 | 4.6 ± 1.3 | 0.730 |
| HAS-BLED | 2.8 ± 1.0 | 2.8 ± 1.0 | 2.8 ± 1.0 | 0.765 |
| Anemia* | 235 (29.6%) | 111 (29.2%) | 124 (29.9%) | 0.836 |
| eGFR&, mL/min per 1.73 m2 | 50 ± 17 | 53 ± 17 | 47 ± 17 | < 0.001 |
| < 30 | 95 (12%) | 33 (8.7%) | 62 (14.9%) | < 0.001 |
| 30−59 | 472 (59.4%) | 204 (53.7%) | 268 (64.6%) | |
| > 60 | 228 (28.7%) | 143 (37.6%) | 85 (20.5%) | |
| Oral anticoagulation therapy | 620 (78%) | 289 (76%) | 331 (79.8%) | 0.208 |
| Direct oral anticoagulants | 370 (46.4%) | 178 (46.8%) | 191 (46%) | 0.817 |