Table 1. . Characteristics of the included studies.
| Study | Year | Country | Type of study | Sample size | Age (mean ± SD) | Sex ratio (female/male) | BMI (kg/m2; mean ± SD) | Follow-up duration (months) | ACS dose | Injections (n) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baltzer et al. | 2009 | Germany | RCT | 134 | 53.8 ± 12.2 | 65/69 | - | 6 | 2 cc/twice a week | 6 |
| Fatma et al. | 2014 | Egypt | Prospective study | 30 | 54.21 ± 5.95 | 17/13 | - | 3 | 1 cc/weekly | 3 |
| Barreto and Braun | 2017 | USA | RCT | 100 | 61.2 ± 1.2 | 68/32 | 33.8 ± 1.4 | 12 | 1 cc | 6 |
| Kılınç and Öç | 2019 | Turkey | RCT | 33 | 57.66 ± 8.21 | 19/14 | - | 12 | ?cc/twice a week | 6 |
| Shirokova et al. | 2019 | Russia | nRCT | 26 | 56.6 ± 11 | 26/0 | 32.4 ± 4.6 | 3 | 2.5 cc/twice a week | 6 |
| Shirokova et al. | 2019 | Russia | nRCT | 39 | 61.2 ± 8.4 | 39/0 | 31.2 ± 5.2 | 3 | 2.5 cc/twice a week | 6 |
| Hashemi et al. | 2020 | Iran | RCT | 30 | 56.8 ± 8.6 | 16/14 | 31.1 ± 3.4 | 6 | 2 cc/weekly | 4 |
| Pishgahi et al. | 2020 | Iran | RCT | 32 | 61.28 ± 1.67 | 20/12 | - | 6 | 2 cc/twice a week | 6 |
| Vitali et al. | 2020 | Italy | RCT | 15 | 63.5 | - | - | 6 | ? ml / weekly | 4 |
?: Dosage is not reported; ACS: Autologous conditioned serum; RCT: Randomized clinical trial; SD: Standard deviation.