Table 2.

The microbiomes composition in phylum and genus levels of four groups are different at 24–28 week gestation.

	Pre-BMI <24 kg/m2		Pre-BMI ≥24 kg/m2		T value or Z value
	Non-GDM (n = 71)	GDM (n = 27)	Non-GDM (n = 17)	GDM (n = 7)	P value
Firmicutes (±s.d.)	0.54 ± 0.19	0.57 ± 0.19	0.56 ± 0.17	0.36 ± 0.15	Z1 = −0.47, P1 = 0.64, T2 = 2.59,P2 = 0.017, Z3 = −0.25, P3 = 0.80, T4 = 2.57, P4 = 0.015
Bacteroidetes (± s.d.)	0.31 ± 0.20	0.30 ± 0.18	0.31 ± 0.16	0.50 ± 0.22	Z1 = −0.02, P1 = 0.98, T2 = −2.37, P2 = 0.027, Z3 = −0.29, P3 = 0.77, T4 = 0.37, P4 = 0.022
Proteobacteria ((M(P25–P75))	0.10 (0.02–0.12)	0.09 (0.01–0.09)	0.08 (0.15–0.99)	0.10 (0.006–0.149)	Z1 = −1.44, P1= 0.15 Z2 = −0.35, P2 = 0.76, Z3 = −0.29, P3 = 0.77, Z4 = −0.68, P4 = 0.50
Actinobacteria ((M(P25–P75))	0.26 (0.003–0.026)	0.02 (0.003–0.024)	0.32 (0.05–0.35)	0.11 (0–0.029)	Z1 = −0.16, P1 = 0.87, Z2 = −1.68, P2 = 0.10, Z3 = −1.73, P3 = 0.08, Z4 = −1.38, P4 = 0.18
Verrucomicrobia ((M(P25–P75))	0.009 (0–0.002)	0.007 (0–0.006)	0.10 (0–0.007)	0.007 (0–0.003)	Z1 = −0.71, P1 = 0.49, Z2 = −1.68, P2 = 0.10, Z3 = −0.13, P3 = 0.90, Z4 = −1.38, P4 = 0.18
Bacteroides ((M(P25–P75))	0.24 (0.074–0.405)	0.25 (0.081–0.433)	0.25 (0.096–0.378)	0.48 (0.25–0.71)	Z1 = −0.20, P1 = 0.85, Z2 = −2.32, P2 = 0.02, Z3 = −0.46, P3 = 0.65, Z4 = −2.41, P4 = 0.016
Faecalibacterium ((M(P25–P75))	0.16 (0.07–0.23)	0.18 (0.06–0.24)	0.15 ± 0.12	0.10 ± 0.08	Z1 =− 0.34, P1 = 0.74, Z2 = −0.79, P2 = 0.46, Z3 = −0.42, P3 = 0.67, Z4 = −1.47, P4 = 0.14
Megamonas ((M(P25–P75))	0.018 (0–0.003)	0.053 (0–0.081)	0.095 (0–0.16)	0.031 (0–0)	Z1 = −1.50, P1 = 0.13, Z2 = −1.43, P2=0.15, Z3 = −2.24, P3 = 0.025, Z4 = −1.04, P4 = 0.36
Ruminococcaceae_UCG002((M(P25–P75))	0.013 (0–0.013)	0.025 (0–0.022)	0.007 (0–0.011)	0.003 (0–0.005)	Z1 = −1.27, P1 = 0.21, Z2 = −1.13, P2 = 0.26, Z3 = −0.47, P3 = 0.64, Z4 = −2.06, P4 = 0.039
Bifidobacterium ((M(P25–P75))	0.015 (0.001–0.012)	0.012 (0.008–0.017)	0.011 (0.001–0.016)	0.010 (0–0.029)	Z1 = −0.07, P1 = 0.94, Z2 = −0.67, P2 = 0.53, Z3 = −0.34, P3 = 0.74, Z4 = −0.34, P4 = 0.74
Other_A ((M(P25–P75))	0.156 (0.09–0.20)	0.122 (0.08–0.18)	0.115 (0.06–0.15)	0.108 (0.08–0.14)	Z1 = −1.38, P1 = 0.17, Z2 = −0.25, P2 = 0.80, Z3 = −1.27, P3 = 0.20, Z4 = −0.45, P4 = 0.66
Lachnoclostridium ((M(P25–P75))	0.022 (0.004–0.03)	0.022 (0.006–0.022)	0.022 (0.005–0.034)	0.015 (0.003–0.015)	Z1 = −0.29, P1 = 0.77, Z2 = −0.67, P2 = 0.51, Z3 = −0.56, P3 = 0.58, Z4 = −1.58, P4 = 0.12
EscherichiaShigella ((M(P25–P75))	0.025 (0–0.003)	0.009 (0–0.008)	0.014 (0–0.01)	0.041 (0–0.12)	Z1 = −1.58, P1 = 0.12, Z2 = −0.32, P2 = 0.75, Z3 = −0.32, P3 = 0.15, Z4 = −0.96, P4 = 0.34

Z₁, T₁, and P₁: group 1 compared with group 2; Z₂, T₂, and P₂: group 3 compared with group 4; Z₃, T₃, and P₃: group 1 compared with group 3; Z₄, T₄, and P₄: group 2 compared with group 4.