Table 2.

Associations between reproductive hormone levels during the pubertal years and risk of testosterone deficiency and risk of azoospermia in adulthood. Only post-transplant hormone measurements were included in the analyses, and for inhibin B, only measurements more than 2 years after transplant were included due to a decrease in inhibin B levels immediately after transplant and recovery within 2 years. Thus, to be eligible for analyses, the patients should be transplanted before or during the specific age interval, and for inhibin B analyses, 2 years should have passed from transplant. Associations between LH levels and risk of testosterone deficiency were analyzed only for the first three age intervals, as some patients started testosterone substitution therapy during the last age interval (16–20 years) (median age at last follow-up 27.4 years (range 18.5–40.4)). Associations between FSH or inhibin B levels and risk of azoospermia were analyzed only in patients who were prepubertal at HSCT and without testosterone substitution (median age at last follow-up 24.4 years (range 18.5–29.5)). Statistics: Simple logistic regression, estimates reported for 1 IU/L increase in FSH and LH and for 10 pg/mL increase in inhibin B.

Patients with spontaneous onset of puberty (n = 33)
Mean LH level	Eligible, n	Number of eligible patients with available measurements, n	Testosterone deficiency
			OR (95% CI)	P
Age ≥ 9 to < 12 years	19	19 Missing data: 0/5 with testosterone deficiency 0/14 with normal testosterone	3.76 (0.19–111.19)	0.36
Age ≥ 12 to < 14 years	23	20 Missing data: 1/6 with testosterone deficiency 2/17 with normal testosterone	1.28 (0.56–3.00)	0.54
Age ≥ 14 to < 16 years	30	24 Missing data: 1/9 with testosterone deficiency 5/21 with normal testosterone	1.54 (1.10–2.59)	0.006
Patients who were prepubertal at HSCT and without testosterone substitution at last follow-up (n = 14)
Mean FSH level	Eligible, n	Number of eligible patients with available measurements, n	Azoospermia
			OR (95% CI)	P
Age ≥ 9 to < 12 years	13	12 Missing data: 1/7 with azoospermia 0/6 with sperm	2.34 (0.74–14.71)	0.22
Age ≥ 12 to < 14 years	14	12 Missing data: 1/8 with azoospermia 1/6 with sperm	2.70 (1.06–33.66)	0.028
Age ≥ 14 to < 16 years	14	10 Missing data: 3/8 with azoospermia /6 with sperm	1.26 (0.99–2.07)	0.061
Age ≥ 16 to < 20 years	14	12 Missing data: 1/8 with azoospermia 1/6 with sperm	2.55 (1.20–13.91)	0.003
Mean inhibin B level	Eligible, n	Number of eligible patients with available measurements, n	Azoospermia
			OR (95% CI)	P
Age ≥ 9 to < 12 years	13	13 Missing data: 0/7 with azoospermia 0/6 with sperm	1.44 (1.03–2.36)	0.029
Age ≥ 12 to < 14 years	13	12 Missing data: 1/7 with azoospermia 0/6 with sperm	0.95 (0.81–1.10)	0.49
Age ≥ 14 to < 16 years	14	10 Missing data: 2/8 with azoospermia 2/6 with sperm	0.76 (0.49–0.99)	0.044
Age ≥ 16 to < 20 years	14	12 Missing data: 2/8 with azoospermia 0/6 with sperm	0.73 (0.47–0.96)	0.021

FSH, follicle-stimulating hormone; HSCT, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; LH, luteinizing hormone.

Bold indicates statistical significance, P < 0.05.