Table 1. Baseline Characteristics.
Median values (interquartile range)
| HIV positive ≥50 copies/mL (n=100) |
HIV positive <50 copies/mL (n=174) |
HIV negative (n=59) |
P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Age, years | 41 (31,49) | 43 (25,51) | 35 (23,44) | 0.01 |
| Male sex | 79% | 78% | 64% | 0.08 |
| African American | 65% | 70% | 41% | <0.01 |
| Metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors | ||||
| Family history of MI | 29% | 25% | 19% | 0.64 |
| Family history of diabetes | 34% | 40% | 15% | 0.01 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 27 (23,31) | 25 (22,29) | 28 (25,31) | <0.01 |
| Waist Hip Ratio | 0.89 (0.77,0.92) | 0.86 (0.75,0.92) | 0.86 (0.73,0.92) | 0.90 |
| Active Hepatitis C | 8% | 4% | 0% | 0.04 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 122 (110,131) | 122 (114,133) | 120 (110,128) | 0.18 |
| Hypertensive Medication | 26% | 32% | 10% | <0.01 |
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 43 (37,53) | 46 (38,56) | 47 (42,58) | 0.03 |
| LDL cholesterol mg/dL | 99 (78,120) | 95 (75,112) | 118 (91,135) | <0.01 |
| HOMA-IR | 1.54 (0.72,2.31) | 1.99 (1.21,4.07) | 1.32 (0.65,2.38) | <0.01 |
| Current Smoking | 59% | 55% | 19% | <0.01 |
| HIV parameters | ||||
| Current CD4+ count, cells/mm3 | 538 (461,709) | 653 (451,860) | 0.06 | |
| Nadir CD4+ count, cells/mm3 | 107 (322,524) | 198 (80,300) | <0.01 | |
| HIV RNA, copies/mL | 1860 (160,10322) | 20 (20,48) | <0.01 | |
| Current protease inhibitor use | 19% | 46% | <0.01 | |
| Measures of subclinical vascular disease | ||||
| Mean-Mean common carotid artery IMT, mm | 0.64 (0.59,0.69) | 0.64 (0.57,0.73) | 0.59 (0.56,0.68) | 0.02 |
| Mean-Max common carotid artery IMT, mm | 0.80 (0.75,0.90) | 0.81 (0.72,0.91) | 0.78 (0.69,0.88) | 0.22 |
| Mean- mean carotid bulb IMT, mm | 0.72 (0.65,0.81) | 0.74 (0.64,0.89) | 0.67 (0.61,0.79) | 0.06 |
| Mean-Max Carotid Bulb IMT, mm | 1.03 (0.92,1.17) | 0.81 (0.72,0.91) | 0.78 (0.69,0.88) | 0.14 |
| Inflammation and Immune activation | ||||
| hsCRP, μg/mL | 1.15 (0.59,3.50) | 2.15 (0.56,2.30) | 0.86 (0.34,1.82) | <0.01 |
| D-dimer, μg/mL | 0.20 (0.11,0.36) | 0.21 (0.11,0.71) | 0.19 (0.11,0.28) | 0.15 |
| Interleukin 6, pg/mL | 2.61 (1.88,4.14) | 2.16 (1.33,3.76) | 1.81 (1.10,2.72) | <0.01 |
| TNFα- receptor I, Pg/mL | 1261 (1053,1445) | 1253 (944,1762) | 1243 (1087,1394) | 0.79 |
| TNFα- receptor II, Pg/mL | 2888 (2474,3515) | 2332 (1848,2859) | 2295 (2052,2662) | <0.01 |
| VCAM, ng/mL | 843 (653,1069) | 670 (562,812) | 570 (467,714) | <0.01 |
| CD4+CD38+HLADR+T-cells, % | 18 (13,21) | 13 (10,17) | ||
| CD8+CD38+HLADR+T-cells, % | 43 (31,52) | 29 (21,38) | ||
| CD14+CD16+monocytes, % | 20 (18,42) | 23 (18,32) | ||
| CD14dimCD16+monocytes, % | 12 (8,18) | 11 (8,14) | ||
| sCD14, ng/mL | 1558 (1289,1883) | 1997 (1572,2401) | 1221 (1031,1494) | <0.01 |
| sTWEAK, pg/mL | 638 (500,1096) | 850 (541,2539) | 1707 (629,4780) | <0.01 |
| sCD163, ng/mL | 867 (373,1291) | 607 (363,901) | 449 (265; 651) | <0.01 |
| sCD163/sTWEAK | 0.92 (0.33,2.19) | 0.52 (0.17, 1.24) | 0.17 (0.06; 0.61) | <0.01 |