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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2020 Jun 29;156:188–213. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.06.020

Fig. 6.

Fig. 6.

(a) Schematic depiction of E-tagged Cas9 (Cas9E20) protein construct and arginine-functionalized AuNPs (ArgNPs). (b) Cas9E20 was pre-assembled with single guide RNA (sgRNA) to form ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes. Cas9E20 RNPs self-assembled with ArgNPs to escalate particle protein nanoassemblies. (c) AuNP-protein nanoassemblies associated with the cell membrane and delivered protein through a membrane fusion-type mechanism in cultured HeLa cells. Gene edited was evaluated by T7 endonuclease I (T7E1) assay in experimental samples (1), with no editing observed in controls with no ArgNPs (2) and cell only (3). (d) Nanoassemblies administered to the tail vein of BALB/c mice exhibited gene editing in the spleen and liver, as determined by T7E1 assay and Interference of CRISPR Edits (ICE) sequencing analysis. (Adapted from refs. 142 and 143).