Table 1.

Characteristics of Medicare Patients Who Died in 2017 (N = 237,989)

	Total		No billed ACP		Had billed ACP
	N	%	N	%	N	%	P value
	237,989	100.0	223,003	93.7	14,986	6.3
Sex
Male	108,835	45.7	102,205	45.8	6,630	44.2	.0002
Female	129,154	54.3	120,798	54.2	8,356	55.8
Total	237,989	100.0	223,003	100.0	14,986	100.0
Age categories, y
65–69	21,623	9.1	20,525	9.2	1,098	7.3	<.0001
70–74	30,622	12.9	28,804	12.9	1818	12.1
75–79	34,804	14.6	32,610	14.6	2,194	14.6
80–84	40,861	17.2	38,218	17.1	2,643	17.6
85–89	47,191	19.8	43,979	19.7	3,212	21.4
90–94	40,587	17.1	37,957	17.0	2,630	17.6
≥95	22,301	9.4	20,910	9.4	1,391	9.3
Total	237,989	100.0	223,003	100.0	14,986	100.0
Race/Ethnicity
Non-Hispanic white	207,510	87.2	194,645	87.3	12,865	85.9	<.0001
Non-Hispanic black	18,938	8.0	17,633	7.9	1,305	8.7
Hispanic	3,428	1.4	3,185	1.4	243	1.6
Asian	3,346	1.4	3,051	1.4	295	2.0
Other	3,768	1.6	3,536	1.6	232	1.6
Unknown	999	.4	953	.4	46	.3
Total	237,989	100.0	223,003	100.0	14,986	100.0
Medicare spending by HRR
Low	42,341	17.8	39,986	17.9	2,355	15.7	<.0001
Medium	130,994	55.0	122,969	55.1	8,025	53.6
High	64,654	27.2	60,048	26.9	4,606	30.7
Total	237,989	100.0	223,003	100.0	14,986	100.0
Charlson Comorbidity Index
0	22,844	9.6	22,143	9.9	701	4.7	<.0001
1	34,926	14.7	33,173	14.9	1753	11.7
2	44,992	18.9	42,450	19.0	2,542	17.0
3	42,851	18.0	40,070	18.0	2,781	18.6
4	34,789	14.6	32,396	14.5	2,393	16.0
≥5	57,587	24.2	52,771	23.7	4,816	32.1
Total	237,989	100.0	223,003	100.0	14,986	100.0
Dual-eligibility status
No	173,981	73.1	162,916	73.1	11,065	73.8	.0371
Yes	64,008	26.9	60,087	26.9	3,921	26.2
Total	237,989	100.0	223,003	100.0	14,986	100.0

Note: Reported percentages are the proportion of sample with the listed row characteristics among the two exposure groups (“no billed advance care planning [ACP]” and “had billed ACP”).

Abbreviation: HRR, hospital referral region.