Table 4.

Area under the Precision Recall Curve (AUPRC).

	Baselines		Statistical Models				Causal Models
Adverse Event Type [+ ctrls, − ctrls]	ROR	χ 2	${\beta }_{sql}^5$	${\beta }_{psi}^5$	${\beta }_{sql}^{10}$	${\beta }_{psi}^{10}$	${\mathrm{\Delta }}_{sql}^5$	${\mathrm{\Delta }}_{psi}^5$	${\mathrm{\Delta }}_{sql}^{10}$	${\mathrm{\Delta }}_{psi}^{10}$
Acute kidney failure [10+, 9−]	0.4415	0.47	0.4316	0.3832	0.4535	0.4276	0.4889	0.6785†	0.4781	0.5032
Acute liver failure [43+, 11−]	0.7554	0.7562	0.7464	0.7057	0.7726	0.8055	0.7875	0.7028	0.7303	0.8281†
Acute myocardial infarction [15+, 23−]	0.3387	0.5277	0.4816	0.3743	0.4018	0.3735	0.4499	0.5429	0.5631†	0.4943
Gastrointestinal hemorrhage [20+, 32−]	0.3243	0.308	0.3192	0.2744	0.3189	0.2735	0.3694	0.3773†	0.3344	0.3397
Weighted overall AUPRC [88+, 75−]	0.4841	0.5266	0.5117	0.4533	0.5092	0.457	0.5357	0.5929†	0.5356	0.5566