Table 5. Estimation of treatment cascade in absence of progress on stigma.

Cascade component	Study	Indicator	Adjusted odds ratio	Odds of 95%	Odds with stigma	Percentage achievement with stigma
Testing	Golub and Gamarel [19]	Likelihood of testing	0.54	19	10.3	0.91
Linkage	Sabapathy and colleagues [20]	Late linkage to care	1.71 to 1.82	19	10.4 to 11.11	0.91 to 0.92
	Gesesew and colleagues [21]	Late presentation to care	2.4 (1.6 to 3.6)	19	7.9	0.84 to 0.92
Adherence	Katz and colleagues [22]	Nonadherence	1.74	19	10.9	0.92
	Hargreaves and colleagues [23]	Viral suppression	0.83	19	15.8	0.94

Note: The achievement with stigma is calculated from the odds of each cascade component at its target value of 95% (odds of 95% = 19) multiplied by the adjusted odds ratio for positive improvements in testing or viral suppression or divided by the odds ratio for the negative effects of late linkage and nonadherence.