Table 4.

Moderated effects of coping strategies on psychosomatic problems

	Model 3: Gender as moderator				Model 4: Age as moderator
Variable	Est. (SE)	t	Standardized β	${\eta }^2$	Est. (SE)	t	Standardized β	${\eta }^2$
Age	0.92 (0.37)*	2.47	0.11	0.01	− 5.11 (3.4)	− 1.5	− 0.64	0.01
Gender	8.71 (4.6)	1.89	0.63	0.01	− 1.48 (0.56)**	− 2.66	− 0.11	0.01
Talking to family/friends	− 1.23 (0.52)*	− 2.36	− 0.16	0.05	− 2.53 (0.73)***	− 3.49	− 0.34	0.07
Exercise	0.65 (0.37)	1.77	0.14	0.00	− 0.7 (0.42)	− 1.65	− 0.15	0.00
Social media	2.36 (0.52)***	4.57	0.34	0.06	2.15 (0.57)***	3.76	0.31	0.06
Reading books	− 0.18 (0.36)	− 0.51	− 0.04	0.02	− 0.61 (0.48)	− 1.28	− 0.12	0.01
Hobbies	0.14 (0.44)	0.32	0.02	0.02	0.63 (0.6)	1.05	0.10	0.02
Spiritual activities	0.24 (0.36)	0.67	0.05	0.00	0.37 (0.46)	0.81	0.08	0.00
Alcohol/drugs	0.62 (0.48)	1.28	0.09	0.01	− 2.56 (1.02)*	− 2.51	− 0.37	0.01
Seeking COVID-19 information	0.54 (0.4)	1.35	0.10	0.00	− 0.45 (0.6)	− 0.75	− 0.08	0.00
Moderator × Talking to family/friends	− 1.2 (0.66)	− 1.81	− 0.39	0.01	0.2 (0.5)	0.39	0.11	0.00
Moderator × Exercise	− 0.93 (0.43)*	− 2.16	− 0.25	0.01	0.33 (0.27)	1.23	0.16	0.00
Moderator × Social media	− 0.72 (0.61)	− 1.18	− 0.24	0.00	− 0.14 (0.32)	− 0.46	− 0.07	0.00
Moderator × Reading books	− 0.93 (0.45)*	− 2.05	− 0.26	0.01	− 0.03 (0.31)	− 0.09	− 0.01	0.00
Moderator × Hobbies	1.47 (0.52)**	2.82	0.46	0.01	0.25 (0.37)	0.68	0.10	0.00
Moderator × Spiritual activities	0.15 (0.45)	0.33	0.05	0.00	− 0.07 (0.3)	− 0.24	− 0.04	0.00
Moderator × Alcohol/drugs	0.11 (0.62)	0.18	0.02	0.00	3.24 (0.92)***	3.52	0.64	0.02
Moderator × Seeking COVID-19 information	− 0.94 (0.48)	− 1.94	− 0.28	0.01	0.19 (0.47)	0.39	0.12	0.00
	Adj. R2 = 0.27				Adj. R2 = 0.26
	F(18,496) = 11.44***				F(18,496) = 11.44***

*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001. SE in parentheses. Gender: 0 = male and 1 = female. Gender: 0 = male and 1 = female. Age: 1 = 18–25 years, 2 = 26–35 years, 3 = 36–45 years, 4 = 46–55 years, and 5 = 56 years and above.