Table 2.
The summary of the GRADE evaluation.
| Outcome | MD/SMD/RR (95% CI) | Quality of evidence | Reasons |
|---|---|---|---|
| Intraoperative opioid consumption | −9.85 (−19.52, −0.18) | ⨁⨁◯◯ LOW | Indirectness was “serious”;;inconsistency was “serious” |
| Postoperative opioid consumption | −38.51 (−60.97, −16.05) | ⨁⨁◯◯ LOW | Indirectness was “serious”;inconsistency was “serious” |
| Pain score at 1 H postoperatively | −1.23 (−2.00, −0.45) | ⨁⨁◯◯ LOW | Indirectness was “serious”; inconsistency was “serious” |
| Pain score at 2 H postoperatively | −0.71 (−1.00, −0.41) | ⨁⨁◯◯ LOW | Indirectness was “serious”; inconsistency was “serious” |
| Pain score at 4 H postoperatively | −1.52 (−2.77, −0.27) | ⨁⨁◯◯ LOW | Indirectness was “serious”; inconsistency was “serious” |
| Pain score at 6 H postoperatively | −0.80 (−1.51, −0.08) | ⨁⨁◯◯ LOW | Indirectness was “serious”; inconsistency was “serious” |
| Pain score at 8 H postoperatively | −1.12 (−1.98, −0.27) | ⨁⨁◯◯ LOW | Indirectness was “serious”; inconsistency was “serious” |
| Pain score at 12 H postoperatively | −0.78 (−1.21, −0.35) | ⨁⨁◯◯ LOW | Indirectness was “serious”; inconsistency was “serious” |
| Pain score at 24 H postoperatively | −0.71 (−1.20, −0.23) | ⨁⨁◯◯ LOW | Indirectness was “serious”; inconsistency was “serious” |
| Incidence of PONV | 0.32 (0.19, 0.55) | ⨁⨁⨁◯ MODERATE | Inconsistency was “serious” |
SMD, standardised mean difference; RR, risk ratio; H, hour; PONV, postoperative nausea and vomiting.