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. 2021 Sep 29;114(Suppl 1):68S–94S. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab276

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© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society for Nutrition.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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The effect of small-quantity LNSs provided to children 6–24 mo of age compared with a control on hemoglobin concentration (A), anemia prevalence (B), moderate-to-severe anemia prevalence (C), ferritin concentration (D), iron deficiency (E), IDA (F), sTfR concentration (G), and elevated sTfR (H), stratified by individual-level maternal, child, and household characteristics. Ferritin and sTfR concentrations were adjusted for inflammation (i.e., CRP and/or AGP concentrations, as available), using a regression correction approach adapted from the Biomarkers Reflecting Inflammation and Nutritional Determinants of Anemia (BRINDA) project (29). Individual study estimates for interaction effect were generated from log-binomial regression controlled for baseline measure when available and with clustered observations using robust SEs for cluster-randomized trials. Pooled subgroup estimates and statistical testing of the pooled interaction terms were generated using inverse-variance weighting fixed effects. For some biomarkers of micronutrient status, we were unable to generate pooled estimates for effect modification by certain potential individual-level effect modifiers owing to an insufficient number of comparisons. AGP, α-1-acid glycoprotein; CRP, C-reactive protein; GMR, ratio of geometric means; LNS, lipid-based nutrient supplement; MD, mean difference; P-interaction, P value for the interaction indicating the difference in effects of small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplements between the 2 levels of the effect modifier; PR, prevalence ratio; SES, socioeconomic status; sTfR, soluble transferrin receptor.

The effect of small-quantity LNSs provided to children 6–24 mo of age compared with a control on hemoglobin concentration (A), anemia prevalence (B), moderate-to-severe anemia prevalence (C), ferritin concentration (D), iron deficiency (E), IDA (F), sTfR concentration (G), and elevated sTfR (H), stratified by individual-level maternal, child, and household characteristics. Ferritin and sTfR concentrations were adjusted for inflammation (i.e., CRP and/or AGP concentrations, as available), using a regression correction approach adapted from the Biomarkers Reflecting Inflammation and Nutritional Determinants of Anemia (BRINDA) project (29). Individual study estimates for interaction effect were generated from log-binomial regression controlled for baseline measure when available and with clustered observations using robust SEs for cluster-randomized trials. Pooled subgroup estimates and statistical testing of the pooled interaction terms were generated using inverse-variance weighting fixed effects. For some biomarkers of micronutrient status, we were unable to generate pooled estimates for effect modification by certain potential individual-level effect modifiers owing to an insufficient number of comparisons. AGP, α-1-acid glycoprotein; CRP, C-reactive protein; GMR, ratio of geometric means; LNS, lipid-based nutrient supplement; MD, mean difference; P-interaction, P value for the interaction indicating the difference in effects of small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplements between the 2 levels of the effect modifier; PR, prevalence ratio; SES, socioeconomic status; sTfR, soluble transferrin receptor.