Table 1. Patients’ baseline characteristics and operative parameters.
| Control group: n = 30 (%) | Tolvaptan group: n = 45 (%) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 74.1 ± 7.6 | 73.0 ± 7.8 | 0.536 |
| Body weight (kg) | 59.1 ± 12.3 | 59.8 ± 10.7 | 0.805 |
| BMI (kg/m3) | 22.6 ± 3.3 | 23.5 ± 3.9 | 0.247 |
| Sex (male) | 23 (77) | 31 (69) | 0.459 |
| Hypertension | 21 (70) | 36 (80) | 0.324 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 17 (57) | 28 (62) | 0.631 |
| Diabetes | 7 (23) | 20 (44) | 0.058 |
| LVEF (%) | 58.4 ± 2.3 | 55.2 ± 2.3 | 0.378 |
| LVEF <40% | 2 (7) | 10 (22) | 0.158 |
| Hemoglobin (mg/dl) | 11.2 ± 0.3 | 11.7 ± 0.3 | 0.211 |
| Albumin (mg/dl) | 3.5 ± 0.1 | 3.7 ± 0.1 | 0.048 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 3 (10) | 12 (27) | 0.067 |
| Serum sodium (mEq/L) | 140.7 ± 4.5 | 139.5 ± 3.2 | 0.172 |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.46 ± 0.34 | 1.88 ± 0.96 | 0.025 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 36.1 ± 1.5 | 30.5 ± 1.2 | 0.006 |
| CKD stage | 0.132 | ||
| Stage IIIb | 24 (80) | 28 (62) | |
| Stage IV | 6 (20) | 13 (29) | |
| Stage V | 0 (0) | 4 (9) | |
| Operative procedure | 0.646 | ||
| CAD | 7 (23) | 13 (29) | |
| VHD | 12 (40) | 20 (44) | |
| Aortic surgery | 11 (37) | 12 (27) | |
| Emergency | 7 (23) | 9 (20) | 0.730 |
| Operation time (min) | 397 ± 19 | 410 ± 15 | 0.583 |
| OWB (ml) | 2809 ± 217 | 2308 ± 177 | 0.078 |
BMI: body mass index; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; CKD: chronic kidney disease; CAD: coronary artery disease; VHD: valvular heart disease; OWB: operative water balance