Table 1. Preoperative patient characteristics.
| Number of patients | 34 |
| Age (year) | 77.9 ± 8.3 |
| Sex (male) | 7 (20.6%) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 21.9 ± 4.0 |
| Hypertension | 22 (64.7%) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 8 (23.5%) |
| Dyslipidemia | 9 (26.5%) |
| Smoking history | 7 (20.6%) |
| Previous cerebral vascular disease | 5 (14.7%) |
| Previous percutaneous coronary intervention | 5 (14.7%) |
| Peripheral artery disease | 4 (11.8%) |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.23 (0.89 - 2.92) |
| Dialysis | 9 (26.5%) |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.6 ± 0.9 |
| Bicuspid aortic valve | 1 (2.9%) |
| Rheumatic | 3 (8.8%) |
| Mitral annulus calcification | 30 (88.2%) |
| Extension of calcification to leaflets | 3 (8.8%) |
| Mitral regurgitation | |
| Mild | 13 (38.2%) |
| Trivial | 20 (58.8%) |
| None | 1 (2.9%) |