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. 2021 Sep 25;54(11):e13134. doi: 10.1111/cpr.13134

FIGURE 1.

FIGURE 1

D‐mannose alleviates OA progression and cartilage degeneration in the mouse ACLT model. (A) Schematic model of the time course for establishment of the anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) model of OA mouse treated with D‐mannose (Man) by administration in drinking water. (B) Representative safranin O/fast green staining of sham and ACLT‐induced OA mice treated with/without D‐mannose administration 4 or 8 weeks post‐surgery. Scale bars, 200 μm. (C and D) Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) score evaluated based on Safranin O/fast green staining (C) 4 or (D) 8 weeks post‐surgery. n = 7. (E and F) (E) Representative immunofluorescence staining of COL2A1 in knee joint 4 weeks post‐surgery and (F) quantification. Arrow heads indicated positive cells. n = 3. Scale bars, 100 μm. (G and F) (G) Representative immunofluorescence staining of MMP13 in knee joint 4 weeks post‐surgery and (H) quantification. Arrow heads indicated positive cells. n = 3. Scale bars, 100 μm. (I) Quantitative RT‐PCR analyses of the gene expression of knee joint cartilage tissues 4 weeks post‐surgery. n = 3. All quantified data are shown as mean ± SEM; NS, not significant, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 by one‐way ANOVA followed by the Tukey‐Kramer test