FIGURE 2.

Pro‐apoptotic caspases‐mediated pyroptosis. Gasdermin E (GSDME)‐, GSDMD‐ or Gasdermin C (GSDMC)‐dependent pyroptosis can be caused via pro‐apoptotic caspases after multiple stimuli, including Fe²⁺ and carbonyl cyanide 3‐chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) co‐treatment, kinase B‐raf (BRAF) inhibitors and MAPK/ERK kinase (MEK) inhibitors co‐treatment, TNF‐α treatment, LPS/TNF‐α/TGF‐β‐activated kinase 1 (TAK1) inhibitor co‐stimulation, Yersinia infection and DM‐α‐KG. CCCP, Carbonyl cyanide 3‐chlorophenylhydrazone; CHX, cycloheximide; DM‐α‐KG, dimethyl‐α‐ketoglutarate; DR6, death receptor 6; GSDMC^NT, the N‐terminal of GSDMC protein; GSDMD^NT, the N‐terminal of GSDMD protein; GSDME^NT, the N‐terminal of GSDME protein; ROS, reactive oxygen species; TGF‐β, transforming growth factor‐β