TABLE 1.

Therapeutic agent for pyroptotic signalling pathway

Targets	Agents	Diseases	Outcome of inhibition	Ref.
NLRP3	MCC950	Stroke	MCC950 provides protection in mouse model of tMCAO	136
		AD	MCC950 promotes non‐ phlogistic clearance of amyloid‐β and improves cognitive function in APP/PS1 mice	137
		Epilepsy	MCC950 suppresses NLRP3 ‐mediated inflammation in the hippocampus of SE mice model	138
		PD	MCC950 attenuates dopaminergic neuronal degeneration, neuroinflammation and behavioural deficits in a MPTP‐induced PD mice model	139
		AS	MCC950 inhibits atherosclerotic lesion development	140
		SCCHN	MCC950 delays tumorigenesis in Tgfbr1/ Pten 2cKO mouse SCCHN model	80
	Ghrelin	MS	Ghrelin relieves demyelination and neuroinflammation in MS	141
	Salidroside	PD	Salidroside ameliorates PD	142
		AS	Salidroside decreases the formation of atherosclerosis plaque through suppressing NLRP3‐related VECs pyroptosis	143
NLRP1	SDG	IBD	SDG relieves colitis by inhibiting NLRP1 inflammasome	144
AIM2	A151	Stroke	A151 prevents microglial pyroptosis, finally reducing inflammation‐diminishing cell death and attenuating infarct volume	65
Caspase‐1	Vx765	Stroke	Vx765 reduces neuronal death in a murine model of cerebral ischemia	146
		AD	Pre‐symptomatic treatment with VX‐765 delays glial activation and spatial memory deficits in APPSw/Ind mutant J20 mice	147
		AS	VX‐765 attenuates AS in ApoE deficient mice	106
		TBI	VX765 counteracts neurological damage after TBI by reducing caspase‐1‐mediated pyroptosis	148
		MS	VX‐765 prevents demyelination, axonal injury and improved neuro‐behavioural performance in MS via inhibition of caspase‐1	149, 150
	LXA4	PE	LXA4 attenuates AT1‐AA production and trophoblasts pyroptosis in PE through suppressing caspase‐1 activity	129
Caspase‐1/4/5/11	Ac‐FLTD‐CMK	TBI	Ac‐FLTD‐CMK suppresses neuronal death and inflammation after TBI	152
Capsase‐3	Ac‐DMPD/ DMLD‐CMK	Acute hepatic failure	Ac‐DMPD/DMLD‐CMK alleviates hepatocyte injury in a mouse model of acute hepatic failure	153
GSDMB	Anti‐GSDMB antibody	Cancer	Anti‐GSDMB antibody reduces tumour growth and lung metastasis	159
GSDMD	NSA	AD	NSA pre‐treatment inhibits Aβ1‐42‐induced pyroptosis in cortical neurons in vitro	73
	Disulfiram	MS	Disulfiram relieves demyelination and neuroinflammation in MS	156
	DMF	MS	DMF reduces neuropathology and demyelination in MS	158
		FMF	DMF alleviates GSDMD‐ dependent pyroptosis and tissue damage MefvV 726A/V726A FMF mouse model	158
GSDME	2‐BP	Cancer	2‐BP counteracts chemotherapy drugs‐induced GSDME‐ mediated pyroptosis	87
	DMF	MS	DMF reduces neuropathology and demyelination in MS	158
		FMF	DMF alleviates GSDMD‐induced injury in Mefv V726A/V726A FMF mouse model	158

Abbreviations: AT1‐AA, angiotensin II type 1 receptor autoantibody; Ac‐FLTD‐CMK, N‐acetyl‐Phe‐Leu‐Thr‐Asp‐chloromethylketone; AD, Alzheimer's disease; AS, atherosclerosis; AKI, acute kidney injury; 2‐BP, 2‐bromopalmitate; DMF, dimethyl fumarate; FMF, familial Mediterranean fever; IBD, inflammatory bowel disease; LXA₄, Lipoxin A₄; MS, multiple sclerosis; NSA, necrosulfonamide; PD, Parkinson's disease; PE, preeclampsia; SCCHN, squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck; SDG, secoisolariciresinol diglucoside; SE, status epilepticus; TBI, traumatic brain injury; tMCAO, transient middle cerebral artery occlusion; VECs, vascular endothelial cell; VSMCs, vascular smooth muscle cells.