TABLE 1.

Correlation between Klotho expression and autophagy activity in certain diseases, as reported in observational studies.

Diseases	Klotho expression	Changes in autophagy indicators	Autophagy activity
Alzheimer’s disease Zeng et al. (2019)	↓	LC3II/LC3I ↑, p62 ↑, autophagosomes ↑, autolysosomes ↓	dysfunction
Ischemia-reperfusion induced acute kidney injury Shi et al. (2016); Chen et al. (2017); Li et al. (2020)	↓	RFP-LC3 ↑, GFP-LC3 ↑, LC3II ↑, LC3II/LC3I ↑, Beclin 1↑, p62 ↓	↑
Sepsis-induced acute kidney injury Chen et al. (2018a)	↓	LC3II/LC3I ↑, p62 ↓	↑
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma Zhu et al. (2019)	↑	LC3 ↑	↑
	↓	LC3 ↓	↓
Drug-resistant lung cancer Chen et al. (2016)	↓	Beclin1 ↑, LC3II ↑	↑
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Monick et al. (2010)	↓	LC3II/LC3I ↑, p62 ↑, autophagosomes ↑	dysfuction
Type 2 diabetes mellitus Lin and Sun (2015)	↓	LC3 ↓	↓