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. 2021 Oct 19;11:666815. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2021.666815

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Copyright © 2021 Wong, Li and Cheung

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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DNA damage repair (DDR) pathways and related targets for therapy. DNA damage may be caused by various environmental and endogenous stresses. Different types of DNA damage are repaired by specific signaling and repair pathways. A number of drugs that target different components of DDR pathways are approved for use or in clinical trials. NER, nucleotide excision repair; MMR, mismatch repair; BER, base excision repair; HR, homologous recombination; NHEJ, Non-homologous end-joining. Modified from (10, 11).