Table 2.
Patient characteristics according to susceptibility-weighted imaging collateral grade.
| Characteristics | Susceptibility-weighted imaging collateral grade | P value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Very poor | Poor | Intermediate | Good | ||
| No. of patients | 78 | 33 | 23 | 18 | |
| Men | 16 (70) | 15 (60) | 24 (63) | 16 (59) | 0.28 |
| Age (y)† | 66 ± 12 | 75 ± 11 | 66 ± 13 | 71 ± 14 | 0.001 |
| Risk factors | |||||
| Hypertension | 44 (56.4) | 20 (60.6) | 12 (52.2) | 8 (44.4) | 0.71 |
| Diabetes | 21 (26.9) | 8 (24.2) | 6 (26.1) | 5 (27.8) | 0.99 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 18 (23.1) | 10 (30.3) | 4 (17.4) | 2 (11.1) | 0.41 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 37 (47.4) | 11 (33.3) | 3 (13.0) | 1 (5.6) | < 0.001 |
| Current smoker | 16 (20.5) | 3 (9.1) | 7 (30.4) | 5 (27.8) | 0.17 |
| Daily alcohol consumption | 19 (24.4) | 6 (18.2%) | 6 (26.1%) | 5 (27.8) | 0.85 |
| Previous TIA | 5 (6.4) | 1 (3.0) | 2 (8.7) | 1 (5.6) | 0.84 |
| Previous stroke | 7 (9.0) | 6 (18.2) | 3 (13.0) | 3 (16.7) | 0.46 |
| Previous ischemic heart disease | 13 (16.7) | 2 (6.1) | 3 (13.0) | 2 (11.1) | 0.53 |
| Peripheral artery disease | 5 (6.4) | 1 (3.0) | 1 (4.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0.83 |
| Baseline NIHSS score‡ | 12 (9–17) | 13 (7–16) | 4 (2–10) | 5 (2–9) | < 0.001 |
| Baseline DWI lesion volume‡ | 32 (11–83) | 15 (5–26) | 6 (1–13) | 3 (1–7) | < 0.001 |
| Site of steno-occlusion | < 0.001 | ||||
| ICA or M1 stenosis (> 50%) | 1 (1.3) | 2 (6.1) | 13 (56.5) | 10 (55.6) | |
| M1 occlusion | 36 (46.2) | 18 (54.5) | 7 (30.4) | 4 (22.2) | |
| ICA occlusion | 9 (11.5) | 3 (9.1) | 3 (13.0) | 2 (11.1) | |
| ICA and M1 occlusion | 28 (35.9) | 8 (24.2) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (11.1) | |
| ACA occlusion combined with ICA and/or M1 occlusion | 4 (5.1) | 2 (6.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Collateral grades of MRA collateral map§ | < 0.001 | ||||
| MAC 0 | 19 (24.4) | 4 (12.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| MAC 1 | 19 (24.4) | 3 (9.1) | 1 (4.3) | 1 (5.6) | |
| MAC 2 | 24 (30.8) | 11 (33.3) | 1 (4.3) | 2 (11.1) | |
| MAC 3 | 13 (16.7) | 8 (24.2) | 2 (8.7) | 3 (16.7) | |
| MAC 4 | 3 (3.8) | 6 (18.2) | 14 (60.9) | 1 (5.6) | |
| MAC 5 | 0 (0.0) | 1 (3.0) | 5 (21.7) | 11 (61.1) | |
| Mode of treatment | < 0.001 | ||||
| Conservative | 15 (19.2) | 12 (36.4) | 12 (52.2) | 14 (77.8) | |
| IVT only | 5 (6.4) | 3 (9.1) | 1 (4.3) | 2 (11.1) | |
| IAT only | 24 (30.8) | 10 (30.3) | 5 (21.7) | 1 (5.6) | |
| IVT followed by IAT | 34 (43.6) | 8 (24.2) | 5 (21.7) | 1 (5.6) | |
| Functional outcomeǁ | < 0.001 | ||||
| Favorable | 38 (48.7) | 13 (39.4) | 21 (91.3) | 14 (77.8) | |
| Unfavorable | 40 (51.3) | 20 (60.6) | 2 (8.7) | 4 (22.2) | |
The mean overall patient age was 71 years ± 13 (standard deviation) (98 men and 54 women). Unless otherwise noted, the values are the number of patients, with percentages in parentheses.
ACA anterior cerebral artery, IAT intraarterial thrombectomy, DWI diffusion-weighted image, ICA internal carotid artery, IVT intravenous thrombolysis, IQR interquartile range, M1 M1 segment of the middle cerebral artery, MRA magnetic resonance angiography, N number, NIHSS National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, TIA transient ischemic attack.
†The data are the means ± standard deviation.
‡The data are the medians, with interquartile ranges in parentheses.
§The collateral grades of the MRA collateral map were the collateral grades estimated by the MR acute ischemic collateral (MAC) score of the multiphase MRA collateral map derived from dynamic contrast-enhanced MRA24,25.
ǁA favorable functional outcome was defined as a modified Rankin scale (mRS) score of less than or equal to 2, and an unfavorable functional outcome was defined as an mRS score of greater than 2 at day 90.