Table 1. Distribution of Participants into Definite, Probable, Possible and Unlikely FH according to the DLCN criteria ( n = 5130) .
|
† Potential FH (Definite and Probable FH, n =55) |
Definite FH ( n =14) | Probable FH ( n =41) | Possible FH ( n =374) | Unlikely FH ( n =4701) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) #A | 59.0±10.1 | 59.8±10.3 @ | 58.7±10.1 ＊ ^ | 50.5±13.1 ＊ ^ | 40.3±15.4 ＊@ |
| Gender ^ | |||||
| Male | 25 (45.5%) | 5 (35.7%) | 20 (48.8%) | 170 (45.5%) | 1753 (37.3%) |
| Female | 30 (54.5%) | 9 (64.3%) | 21 (51.2%) | 204 (54.5%) | 2948 (62.7%) |
| Ethnicity | |||||
| Malay | 50 (90.9%) | 14 (100.0%) | 36 (87.8%) | 292 (78.1%) | 3409 (72.5%) |
| Chinese | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 (1.1%) | 161 (3.4%) |
| Indian | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12 (3.2%) | 87 (1.9%) |
| Others | 5 (9.1%) | 0 | 5 (12.2%) | 66 (17.6%) | 1044 (22.2%) |
| LDL-c (mmol/L) (Baseline) #A | 6.2±1.3 | 7.4±1.4 ＊ | 5.8±1.1 ＊ | 5.6±0.7 ＊ | 3.1±0.9 ＊ |
| TC (mmol/L) A | 7.5±1.6 | 8.3±1.7 ＊ | 7.2±1.5 ＊ | 7.3±1.1 ＊ | 5.1±1.1 ＊ |
| TG (mmol/L) B | 1.7, IQR 0.9 | 1.8, IQR 2.4 @ | 1.6, IQR 3.4^ | 1.8, IQR 1.1 ＊ | 1.4, IQR 1.1 ＊ ^ @ |
| HDL (mmol/L) #A | |||||
| Males | 1.3±0.4 | 1.1±0.2 | 1.4±0.5^ | 1.2±0.3 ＊ | 1.1±0.3 ＊ ^ |
| Females | 1.6±0.5 | 1.9±0.6 ＊ ^ @ | 1.4±0.3 ＊ | 1.4±0.4^ | 1.4±0.4 @ |
| Waist circumference (cm) #A | |||||
| Males | 89.2±12.0 | 90.9±7.2 | 88.7±13.1 | 92.3±12.2 | 90.1±13.1 |
| Females | 88.8±12.6 | 81.8±9.7 | 91.7±12.7 | 88.7±10.7 | 82.9±12.9 |
| Tendon xantomata # | |||||
| Yes | 6 (13.6%) | 6 (50.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 5 (0.4%) |
| No | 38 (86.4%) | (50.0%) | 32 (100.0%) | 87 (100.0%) | 1222 (99.6%) |
| Premature corneal arcus # | |||||
| Yes | 41 (95.3%) | 10 (90.9%) | 31 (96.9%) | 6 (7.0%) | 201 (16.3%) |
| No | 2 (4.7%) | 1 (9.1%) | 1 (3.1%) | 80 (93.0%) | 1029 (83.7%) |
| Diabetes mellitus #C | |||||
| Yes | 9 (17.3%) | 4 (7.7%) | 8 (20.5%) | 44 (12.3%) | 374 (8.2%) |
| No | 43 (82.7%) | 12 (92.3%) | 31 (79.5%) | 314 (87.7%) | 4204 (91.8%) |
| Hypertension #C | |||||
| Yes | 29 (52.7%) | 4 (28.6%) | 23 (56.1%) ＊ | 176 (47.7%) ＊ | 1317 (28.3%) ＊ |
| No | 26 (47.3%) | 10 (71.4%) | 18 (43.9%) ＊ | 176 (52.3%) ＊ | 3329 (71.7%) |
| Blood pressure | |||||
| (Systolic/Diastolic mmHg) #A |
132.2 (±18.8)/ 77.7 (±10.4) |
127.4 (±12.2)/ 75.8 (±10.2) |
133.8 (±20.3)/ 78.4 (±10.5)^ |
132.1 (±20.9)/ 80.3 (±12.0) ＊ |
123.2 (±19.1)/ 76.4 (±11.7) ＊ ^ |
| History of premature CAD #C | |||||
| Yes | 6 (10.9%) | 2 (14.3%) ＊ | 4 (9.8%) ＊ | 22 (6.2%) ＊ | 60 (1.3%) ＊ |
| No | 49 (89.1%) | 12 (85.7%) | 37 (90.2%) | 333 (93.8%) | 4539 (98.7%) |
| Smoking status # | |||||
| Current smoker | 5 (9.3%) | 1 (7.7%) | 4 (9.8%) | 59 (16.3%) | 572 (12.5%) |
| Ever smoker | 10 (18.5%) | 2 (15.4%) | 8 (19.5%) | 78 (21.5%) | 435 (9.5%) |
| Non-smoker | 39 (72.2%) | 10 (76.9%) | 29 (70.7%) | 225 (62.2%) | 3575 (78.0%) |
| On lipid-lowering therapy #C | |||||
| Yes | 30 (56.6%) | 10 (71.4%) ＊ | 20 (51.3%) ＊ | 114 (32.2%) ＊ | 228 (5.1%) ＊ |
| No | 23 (43.4%) | 4 (28.6%) ＊ | 19 (48.7%) ＊ | 240 (67.8%) ＊ | 4258 (94.9%) |
† = Potential FH is a combination of Definite and Probable FH
Normally distributed continuous data are presented as mean±standard deviation.
Non-normally distributed continuous data are presented as median with interquartile range (IQR).
# Subjects with no data were excluded A = One-way ANOVA
B = Kruskal Wallis followed by Mann Whitney tests C = Chi-squared test
＊ ^ @ = p ＜ 0.05. Statistical tests with same symbols in a same row are significantly different with each other.