Figure 3.

Experimental test of the method. The signature search was done via LFMM. The environment was characterized either at the level of the GPS coordinates (individual GPS method) or considering all the GPS points recorded for a given breed (GPS area method), or at the level of the cradle (cradle method). The environmental variables Altitude and Mean Annual Temperature were considered individually. Chr.: chromosome number. *Selection signature are named according to the gene(s) most likely targeted by the selection process, taking into account the distance of the SNPs from the genes, the associated p values and the number of SNPs near or in the gene(s); it is possible to know in detail the genes associated with each selection signature (see Supplementary Table 3). **Clustering: the environment was characterized considering all the variables at the same time and according to the PCA/HCPC process.