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. 2021 Nov 1;12:6277. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-26506-2

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 8 — a Immunization and challenge schedule for hamsters (n = 8/group). b Variation in the body weight of immunized and challenged hamsters. c Clinical score in immunized and challenged hamsters. The clinical score is based on a cumulative 0–4 scale: ruffled fur; slow movements; apathy; absence of exploration activity. d SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA copies detected by RT-qPCR at 4 dpi in homogenized lungs and nasal turbinates expressed as copy number/mg of tissue. e Titer of infectious viral particles recovered at 4 dpi from the homogenized lungs and nasal turbinates of the immunized animals expressed as PFU/100 mg of tissue. f Neutralizing antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 virus, expressed as 50% plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT₅₀) titers. g Neutralizing antibodies against the UK (B.1.1.7), South African (B.1.351), and Brazilian (P.1) SARS-CoV-2 variants. Dotted blue line indicates the limit of detection (LOD). Nd: not detected. Data are represented as geometric means with line and error bars indicating ±geometric SD. Statistical significance was determined by Kruskal–Wallis one-way ANOVA test with Dunn’s multiple comparison test.