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. 2021 Nov 1;11:21348. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-00870-x

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Dysregulation of synaptophysin in FTD brain. (a) mRNA expression of synaptophysin (SYP) and α-synuclein, normalized to the geometric mean of β-actin, GAPDH and PPIA, in superior frontal cortex of FTD brain (n = 10) and controls (n = 11) as measured by qPCR. Multivariate analysis (general liner model), co-varying for age and sex, was used to determine significance between the two groups. (b) Protein expression of SYP and α-synuclein, normalized to β-actin, in superior frontal cortex of FTD brain (n = 10) and controls (n = 10) as measured by western blotting and optical density (OD) measurements of the protein bands. Multivariate analysis (general liner model), co-varying for age and sex, was used to determine significance between the two groups. (c) SYP protein (OD) was inversely correlated with the 37-kDa ELOVL4 protein (OD). (d) SH-SY5Y neuronal cells were transfected with ELOVL4 cDNA plasmid or empty vector (mock control) (n = 6 each; 2 experimental repeats), and ELOVL4 mRNA expression, normalized to the geometric mean of β-actin, GAPDH and PPIA, measured by qPCR. Student’s t-test was used to determine significance between the two groups. (e) SYP protein expression in the transfected SH-SY5Y neuronal cells as assessed by western blotting and OD measurements of the protein bands normalized to β-actin. Student’s t-test was used to determine significance between the two groups. Data represent mean and SE as error bars, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.005.