. 2021 Nov 1;11:21366. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-00694-9

Table 1.

Characteristics by kidney disease status (all age and under 70).

Parameters	All Ages					Age < 70
Parameters	Total (N = 17,329)	No CKD (N = 15,250)	eGFR < 60 (N = 1415)	eGFR < 60 (DM-HT-) (N = 360)	eGFR < 60 (DM-HT-Prot ≤ 1 +) (N = 351)	No CKD (N = 13,325)	CKDu1 (N = 140)	CKDu2 (N = 136)
Age (years)	47.1 ± 14.6	46.0 ± 14.6	70.3 ± 14.5^a	68.5 ± 15.9^a	68.6 ± 15.8^a	43.9 ± 12.8	57.6 ± 12.8^a	57.6 ± 12.9^a
Women (%)	52.0	51.5	63.3^a	64.6^a	64.7^a	51.4	63.3^a	62.8^a
Secondary education or higher (%)	42.1	43.7	11.7^a	16.4^a	16.5^a	46.1	25.6^a	26.0^a
Rural area (%)	55.1	55.3	61.5^a	68.3^a	69.3^a	55.0	69.1^a	70.6^a
Farmer/laborer (%)	55.6	55.8	60.3^a	70.8^a	70.4^a	55.8	77.0^a	76.8^a
Diabetes (%)	9.8	8.5	22.9^a	na	na	8.1	na	na
Hypertension (%)	28.5	26.1	65.0^a	na	na	24.1	na	na
Gout (%)	2.4	1.7	14.6^a	12.6^a	12.4^a	1.5	17.4^a	17.2^a
Stones (%)	3.1	2.9	6.0^a	8.4^a	8.5^a	2.8	13.5^a	14.0^a
CVD (%)	3.1	2.8	9.5^a	6.3^a	6.4^a	2.4	6.3^a	6.5^a
Painkillers use (%)	2.3	2.2	5.5^a	9.0^a	9.2	2.2	12.0^a	12.4^a
Herbal medicine %)	25.0	24.6	31.7^a	28.0^a	27.5	23.9	28.5^a	27.2^a
Current smoker (%)	17.0	21.0	10.0^a	15.1^a	15.3^a	21.4	17.3^a	17.9^a
BMI (kg/m²)	24.4 ± 4.6	24.4 ± 4.5	23.9 ± 5.6	23.1 ± 4.9^a	23.1 ± 4.9	24.6 (4.5)	24.1 (4.8)	24.1 (4.9)
BMI category (%)
< 18.5	6.8	6.6	11.0^a	12.2^a	12.4^a	6.0	8.0^a	8.4^a
18.5–24.9	53.2	53.4	51.9	60.1	60.2	53.2	56.7	56.9
25–29.9	28.8	28.8	26.6	20.1	19.6	29.2	23.0	22.0
≥ 30	11.3	11.1	10.6	7.65	7.8	11.7	12.3	12.7
Creatinine	0.82 ± 0.36	0.78 ± 0.18	1.5 ± 1.43^a	1.33 ± 0.86^a	1.31 ± 0.68^a	0.78 ± 0.19	1.35 ± 0.50^a	1.34 ± 0.49^a
eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m²)	99 ± 22	102 ± 18	47 ± 16^a	50 ± 12^a	50. ± 12^a	103. ± 18	51. ± 11^a	52 ± 10^a

Mean ± SD; eGFR < 60, decreased GFR-all causes; eGFR < 60 (DM-HT-), decreased GFR without diabetes or hypertension; eGFR < 60 (DM-HT-Prot ≤ 1 +), decreased GFR without diabetes, hypertension or heavy proteinuria; CVD, cardiovascular disease.

^aP < 0.05 versus no CKD.