Table 3.
Multivariable analysis of risk factors for decreased GFR and CKDU.
| Risk factors | All age | Age < 70 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| eGFR < 60 | eGFR < 60 | CKDu1 | CKDu2 | |
| Odds ratio (95% CI) | Odds ratio (95% CI) | Odds ratio (95% CI) | Odds ratio (95% CI) | |
| Age (per 10 year) | 3.17 (3.14–3.21) | 3.52 (3.42–3.62) | 3.35 (3.42–3.50) | 3.39 (3.23–3.55) |
| Women (men = reference) | 1.70 (1.24–2.34) | 1.65 (1.17–2.32) | 2.41 (1.49–3.89) | 2.41 (1.49–3.89) |
| Diabetes (Y versus N) | 2.01 (1.68–2.40) | 1.67 (1.32–2.10) | na | na |
| Hypertension (Y versus N) | 2.05 (1.76–2.38) | 2.34 (2.01–2.72) | na | na |
| Gout (Yes versus No) | 5.69 (4.63–7.00) | 5.58 (4.43–7.02) | 3.77 (2.43–5.84) | 4.06 (2.65–6.23) |
| Kidney stones (Y versus N) | 2.09 (1.52–2.89) | 2.86 (2.18–3.75) | 6.33 (4.24–9.46) | 6.72 (4.43–10.19) |
| Painkillers (regular versus less) | 2.02 (1.51–2.72) | 1.84 (1.26–2.69) | 2.67 (1.16–6.13) | 2.86 (1.23–6.66) |
| Rural (urban = reference) | 1.07 (0.92–1.241) | 1.16 (0.98–1.37) | 1.66 (1.19–2.32) | 1.88 (1.32–2.68) |
| Laborer/agriculture (other occupations = reference) | 1.06 (0.89–1.27) | 0.93 (0.77–1.12) | 1.54 (1.08–2.20) | 1.45 (1.02–2.05) |
| BMI (18.5–24.9 = reference) | ||||
| < 18.5 | 1.27 (0.91–1.78) | 1.56 (1.04–2.36) | 1.86 (1.07–3.21) | 1.94 (1.12–3.38) |
| 25–29.9 | 0.87 (0.75–1.01) | 0.79 (0.65–0.97) | 0.95 (0.65–1.39) | 0.96 (0.64–1.44) |
| ≥ 30 | 1.03 (0.80–1.33) | 0.95 (0.72–1.26) | 0.65 (0.33–1.28) | 0.69 (0.35–1.37) |
| Current smoking (non-smoker = reference) | 1.14 (0.84–1.55) | 1.14 (0.82–1.58) | 1.34 (0.85–2.14) | 1.36 (0.85–2.18 |
| Cardiovascular disease (Y versus N) | 1.19 (0.88–1.61) | 1.26 (0.90–1.77) | 1.11 (0.44–2.76) | 1.16 (0.46–2.95) |
| Herbal medications (Y versus N) | 0.89 (0.79–1.01) | 0.89 (0.76–1.04) | 0.79 (0.56–1.12) | 0.68 (0.46–1.01) |
Bold represent statistical significance; Risk compared to no CKD.