Table 3.

Clinical trials of proton beam therapy for esophageal cancer.

NCT ID	Title	Phase	Status	Outcome Measures	Institution
02213497	Dose Escalation of Neoadjuvant Proton Beam Radiotherapy with Concurrent Chemotherapy in Locally Advanced Esophageal Cancer	I	Recruiting	Adverse events	Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania
02452021	Pencil Beam Scanning Proton Radiotherapy for Esophageal Cancer	—	Active, not recruiting	Toxicity, surgical outcomes, post- operative complications, LOS, LRR, PFS, OS, QOL	Mayo Clinic
03482791	Proton Beam Therapy in the Treatment of Esophageal Cancer	II	Recruiting	Patient-reported outcomes, PFS, OS	Washington University School of Medicine
01512589	Proton Beam Therapy vs. Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy	II	Active, not recruiting	PFS, TTB	The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center
01684904	Proton Therapy for Esophageal Cancer	II	Recruiting	OS, adverse events	Loma Linda University Medical Center
02023541	Proton Beam Therapy to Treat Esophageal Cancer	I	Terminated	PFS, OS, QOL, toxicity	Washington University School of Medicine
03801876	Comparing Proton Therapy to Photon Radiation Therapy for Esophageal Cancer	III	Recruiting	OS, toxicity, pathologic response rate, lymphocyte counts, LRF, DMFS, PFS, QALY, cost–benefit economic analysis	Multicenter

NCT, National Clinical Trials; LOS, length of [inpatient] stay; LRR, local-regional recurrence; PFS, progression-free survival; OS, overall survival, QOL, quality of life; TTB, total toxicity burden; LRF, local-regional failure; DMFS, distant metastasis-free survival; QALY, quality-adjusted life years.