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. 2021 Oct 19;12:754413. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.754413

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Copyright © 2021 Jacobs, Ceulemans, Wauters, Breynaert, Vermeire, Verstockt and Vanuytsel

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Upon contact with several cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-33, etc.), chemokines (eotaxin-1,2 and -3, RANTES etc.) and via tissue damage and bacterial and viral infections, eosinophils will become activated. This activation is marked by an increased surface expression of CD18, CD44, CD11b and CD11c (moderate to high expression). CD25 and CD69 are not present on inactive eosinophils, but are on active eosinophils (low and high expression respectively). CD162 and CD31 on the other hand are highly expressed on inactive eosinophils but only moderately on active eosinophils and CD62L is moderately expressed on inactive eosinophils but becomes lowly expressed once the eosinophil is activated. This figure was created via biorender.com.