Table 3.
Analyses of metabolomic differences between multiple sclerosis (MS) and HCs using WGCNA
| Modulea | Module sizeb | Including all samples (n = 954) |
Restricting to MS patients on no therapy and HCs (n = 434) |
Restricting to MS patients on any therapy and HCs (n = 710) |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overview of module composition | Mean difference between MS versus HC (95% CI)c | p | FDR-adjusted p | Mean difference between MS and HC (95% CI)c | p | FDR-adjusted p | Mean difference between MS and HC (95% CI)c | p | FDR-adjusted p | ||
| Pink | aromatic amino acids, branched chain amino acids | 12 | −2.12 (−2.58 to −1.65) | 2.13E−19 | 2.77E−18 | −1.87 (−2.51 to −1.22) | 1.55E−8 | 2.02E−7 | −1.95 (−2.48 to −1.43) | 3.39E−13 | 4.41E−12 |
| Brown | other amino acids | 22 | −1.16 (−1.64 to −0.69) | 1.29E−6 | 1.55E−5 | −1.43 (−2.09 to −0.78) | 1.65E−5 | 1.99E−4 | −0.79 (−1.32 to −0.26) | 3.60E−3 | 3.24E−2 |
| Turquoise | xanthine metabolites | 26 | −0.97 (−1.43 to −0.50) | 4.17E−5 | 4.59E−4 | −0.96 (−1.67 to −0.24) | 8.75E−3 | 8.75E−2 | −1.33 (−1.88 to −0.79) | 1.86E−6 | 2.24E−5 |
| Green-yellow | acetylated amino acid derivatives | 7 | −0.96 (−1.41 to −0.50) | 4.24E−5 | 4.59E−4 | −0.81 (−1.53 to −0.09) | 2.65E−2 | 2.39E−1 | −1.10 (−1.62 to −0.59) | 2.94E−5 | 3.23E−4 |
| Red | branched chain amino acids; carnitine metabolites | 14 | −0.93 (−1.39 to −0.47) | 7.94E−5 | 7.15E−4 | −0.96 (−1.63 to −0.28) | 5.55E−3 | 6.10E−2 | −0.91 (−1.43 to −0.39) | 5.60E−4 | 5.60E−3 |
| Magenta | bile acid metabolites | 9 | −0.78 (−1.25 to −0.32) | 9.36E−4 | 7.48E−3 | −0.75 (−1.45 to −0.05) | 3.52E−2 | 2.81E−1 | −0.66 (−1.19 to −0.13) | 1.40E−2 | 9.79E−2 |
| Blue | fatty acid metabolites; acyl carnitine metabolites | 25 | 0.52 (0.05–0.99) | 2.97E−2 | 2.08E−1 | 0.68 (−0.03 to 1.39) | 5.87E−2 | 4.11E−1 | 0.27 (−0.25 to 0.80) | 3.07E−1 | 4.49E−1 |
| Tan | vitamin metabolites | 5 | −0.31 (−0.75 to 0.14) | 1.81E−1 | 9.03E−1 | −0.00 (−0.63 to 0.62) | 9.94E−1 | 1.00E+0 | −0.54 (−1.07 to 0.00) | 5.08E−2 | 2.54E−1 |
| Yellow | steroid metabolites | 21 | 0.12 −0.34 to 0.58) | 6.11E−1 | 1.00E+0 | 0.43 (−0.23 to 1.09) | 2.01E−1 | 1.00E+0 | 0.61 (0.12–1.11) | 1.51E−2 | 9.79E−2 |
| Purple | aromatic amino acids, benzoate metabolism | 7 | −0.07 (−0.53 to 0.38) | 7.48E−1 | 1.00E+0 | 0.07 (−0.62 to 0.75) | 8.46E−1 | 1.00E+0 | −0.43 (−0.96 to 0.10) | 1.12E−1 | 4.49E−1 |
| Black | gamma glutamyl metabolites | 12 | 0.06 (−0.38 to 0.51) | 7.80E−1 | 1.00E+0 | −0.28 (−1.00 to 0.44) | 4.48E−1 | 1.00E+0 | 0.39 (−0.11 to 0.89) | 1.28E−1 | 4.49E−1 |
| Green | methionine, glycine metabolism-related metabolites | 16 | −0.05 (−0.51 to 0.41) | 8.30E−1 | 1.00E+0 | −0.18 (−0.82 to 0.45) | 5.76E−1 | 1.00E+0 | 0.38 (−0.12 to 0.88) | 1.36E−1 | 4.49E−1 |
a
Module name denotes arbitrary name of set of metabolites identified by WGCNA.
b
Module size denotes the number of metabolites in a given module.
c
Mean differences are adjusted for age, gender, and race; values displayed denote mean differences in eigenmetabolite levels scaled by a factor of 102.