Table 1.

Descriptive Statistics of Participants' Background by Abstract Conditions

	All		Abstract condition
			Control		Male abstract		Female abstract
Variable	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%
Total	315	100	116	36.8	106	33.7	93	29.5
Sex
Male	207	65.7	75	64.7	69	65.1	63	67.7
Female	108	34.3	41	35.3	37	34.9	30	32.3
Race
White	210	66.7	88	75.9	68	64.2	54	58.1
Asian	88	27.9	26	22.4	32	30.2	30	32.3
Other minorities	17	5.4	2	1.7	6	5.7	9	9.7
Experience level
Experienced	203	64.4	80	69.0	68	64.2	55	59.1
New	112	35.6	36	31.0	38	35.8	38	40.9
Training background
PhD	244	77.5	82	70.7	85	80.2	77	82.8
MD	33	10.5	14	12.1	11	10.4	8	8.6
MD/PhD	23	7.3	13	11.2	7	6.6	3	3.2
Others	15	4.8	7	6.0	3	2.8	5	5.4
Citizenship
Non Citizen	132	41.9	45	38.8	45	42.5	42	45.2
U.S. Citizen	183	58.1	71	61.2	61	57.5	51	54.8