Table 3. Challenges and potential solutions in recommending protective gloves for delayed-type hypersensitivity to one or more vulcanization accelerators.

Delayed-type hypersensitivity	Glove material as a potential source	Alternative recommendation options	Commentary, availability, usability and deployment limitations
a. Thiurams/dithiocarbamates, guanidines, and thiazoles	Synthetic and natural rubber products: Nitrile, latex, butyl, viton, chloroprene/polyisoprene	Gloves made of other materials, for example polyvinyl chloride, vinyl, laminate, polyethylene, polyvinyl alcohol, assembly gloves with polyurethane coating (etc.)	In the case of reusable gloves (with the exception of the laminate glove), attention should be paid to possible limited chemical protection
			Liquid-tight plastic gloves are generally less flexible, thicker-walled and therefore less sensitive
			Vinyl disposable gloves often have poorer chemical resistance (e.g. in relation to hairdressing chemicals) and show lower resistance to viruses due to more frequent microperforations compared to disposable gloves made of rubber materials [13]
			The plasticizers contained in vinyl gloves may dissolve out in contact with fatty foods and pass into food with health concerns; therefore, vinyl gloves are of limited use for food processing [4]
		Designated accelerator-free protective rubber gloves	Various glove manufacturers offer short-cuff accelerator-free, non-sterile nitrile disposable gloves; long-cuff accelerator-free nitrile disposable gloves are occasionally available
			Various glove manufacturers offer accelerator-free sterile glove models (for example, made of neoprene)
			Thick-walled disposable gloves without accelerators (e.g., nitrile disposable gloves with a layer thickness of approx. 0.2 mm) are currently not available according to our information
			Thick-walled models known as liquid-tight reusable gloves made of accelerator-free rubber are not yet available.
			Assembly gloves with accelerator-free rubber coating are available
		Glove liners made of polyethylene for protection against glove allergens of the actual protective glove	Feasibility depends on the individual case
			Good practicability generally with relatively infrequent glove changes or if the polyethylene glove liner can be taken off and put on again together with the protective glove
			Mostly poor practicality when protective gloves need to be changed frequently, there is little time to put on and take off protective equipment and a high level of sensitivity is required
b. Thiurams/dithiocarbamates	Synthetic and natural rubber products; dithiocarbamates (common): nitrile, latex, butyl, viton, chloroprene/polyisoprene Thiurams (rare): for example in butyl	See alternatives under a.	In case of contact allergy to either substance group, the other group should also be avoided
		Protective gloves made of/with rubber without thiurams/dithiocarbamates	Sterile medical protective gloves (without thiurams and dithiocarbamates) in which guanidines are used as accelerators are available; from a primary prevention perspective, however, the avoidance of sterile gloves containing 1,3-diphenylguanidine appears to be sensible
			Possibly severe restrictions for those affected (see a.)
c. Guanidines	Mainly synthetic rubber products made from chloroprene/polyisoprene	See alternatives under a.	A wide range of protective gloves without guanidine exists
		Alternative protective gloves made of/with rubber without guanidine
d. Thiazoles	Synthetic and natural rubber products: Nitrile, Latex, Butyl, Viton, Chloroprene/Polyisoprene	See alternatives under a.	Various protective gloves made of rubber without thiazoles are available
		Alternative protective gloves made of/with rubber without thiazoles	Restrictions for affected persons, if applicable (see a.)
e. Thioureas	Protective gloves made of neoprene/polyisoprene/chloroprene	See alternatives under a.	A large number of protective gloves made of rubber without thiourea are available
		Alternative protective gloves made of/with rubber without thiourea	Hardly any restrictions for those affected (see a.)