Table 2.

Multiple Logistic Regression of Father’s Co-residence on Exclusive Breastfeeding (N = 452)

Dependent variable: exclusive breastfeeding	(1) Fathers’ co-residence		(2) Fathers’ involvement when co-reside		(3) “Crowd out” effect
	OR (95%CI)	P Value	OR (95%CI)	P Value	OR (95%CI)	P Value
Father’s co-residence (1 = yes)	0.413 (0.227–0.750)	0.004			0.395 (0.216–0.724)	0.003
Father functions as secondary caregiver			0.397 (0.173–0.912)	0.029
Father not functions as secondary caregiver			0.423 (0.211–0.848)	0.015
Grandmother functions as secondary caregiver					0.752 (0.413–1.370)	0.351
Infants’ characteristics
Infants’ gender (1 = male)	1.140 (0.643–2.023)	0.654	1.139 (0.642–2.021)	0.657	1.153 (0.649–2.050)	0.628
Infants’ age (day)	0.994 (0.988–1.000)	0.046	0.994 (0.988–1.000)	0.045	0.994 (0.998–1.000)	0.048
Caesarean section (1 = yes)	0.682 (0.375–1.242)	0.211	0.683 (0.375–1.244)	0.213	0.663 (0.363–1.212)	0.182
Small for gestational age (1 = yes)	2.244 (0.548–9.186)	0.261	2.240 (0.547–9.178)	0.262	2.390 (0.581–9.843)	0.227
Preterm (1 = yes)	0.295 (0.051–1.720)	0.175	0.298 (0.051–1.751)	0.180	0.271 (0.046–1.595)	0.149
Maternal and family characteristics
Maternal age	0.960 (0.887–1.040)	0.317	0.961 (0.887–1.042)	0.335	0.952 (0.877–1.033)	0.235
Maternal education (Primary school and below as reference)
Junior high school	0.795 (0.361–1.752)	0.570	0.798 (0.361–1.761)	0.576	0.799 (0.363–1.757)	0.576
Senior high school and above	0.640 (0.253–1.619)	0.346	0.641 (0.253–1.624)	0.348	0.644 (0.254–1.633)	0.354
Maternal nutrition and health knowledge	1.447 (1.173–1.785)	0.001	1.448 (1.173–1.788)	0.001	1.431 (1.159–1.768)	0.001
Number of siblings	1.363 (0.792–2.345)	0.264	1.362 (0.791–2.344)	0.265	1.347 (0.783–2.319)	0.282
Family asset index	1.149 (0.839–1.573)	0.386	1.147 (0.836–1.573)	0.396	1.152 (0.842–1.575)	0.377

All regressions include county fixed effect