TABLE 2.
Summary of the TGF-β-responsive genes identified in this study
| Trap line | Identity of protein (accession no.) or homology | Reported function (reference[s]) | Induction by TGF-β
|
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β-Gala | RNAb | CHXc | |||
| Known genes | |||||
| A21 | EGF receptor (U48722) | Cell growth (31, 47) | 2.45 | ++ | ↑ |
| A82 | Ribosomal protein S15a (AA364270) | Protein synthesis (4) | 2.37 | ± | ↓ |
| A88 | TRAM-1 (AF016031) | T3 receptor coactivator (46) | 1.79 | + | ⇓ |
| A96 | Paxillin (U14588) | Integrin signal (48) | 2.98 | + | ↑ |
| A100 | hnRNP-K/tump (X72727) | Cell cycle progression (8) | 3.45 | ±* | ↑ |
| A114 | hNRP/NAP-1 (D28430) | Nucleosome assembly (44) | 2.18 | +* | ↓ |
| A116 | ZNF 185 LIM-domain protein (Y09538) | (20) | 3.81 | ++ | ↑ |
| A152 | Lipocortin II (D00017) | EGF receptor substrate (6, 22) | 1.96 | + | → |
| A126 | β1-Integrin (X07979) | ECMd protein receptor (19) | 2.10 | + | → |
| Unknown genes | |||||
| A4 | Zinc finger motif | 2.76 | ++ | → | |
| A26 | 6.34 | ++ | ⇑ | ||
| A70 | 3.29 | + | ⇓ | ||
| A83 | Thioredoxin domain | 1.85 | ± | → | |
| A161 | 2.22 | + | ↑ | ||
| A162 | 4.45 | ++ | ⇓ | ||
| Unconfirmed genesf | |||||
| A14 | Pyrunvate kinase (M23725) | Cytosolic T3-binding protein (25) | 1.62 | − | ↑ |
| A80 | Paxillin-related LIM protein (AF061258) | 2.35 | −* | ↑ | |
| A89 | FRA7H linked | 1.63 | N/D | ||
| A143 | BACe clone | 1.66 | N/D | ||
| A153 | cDNA clone | 1.78 | − | ↑ | |
| A164 | U19H snoRNA (AJ224167) | Ribosome biogenesis (5) | 2.13 | − | ⇓ |
Induction index of β-Gal activity in trap lines (Fig. 2).
Effects of TGF-β on the levels of endogenous mRNA in A549 cells as assessed by RNA blot hybridization (Fig. 4), indicated qualitatively as follows: ++, clear induction; +, slight but significant induction; ±, possible induction; −, no apparent induction; N/D, mRNA not detectable. *, multiple bands were detected.
Effects of CHX on the levels of endogenous mRNA in A549 cells incubated in the presence of TGF-β as assessed by RNA blot hybridization (Fig. 4), indicated qualitatively as follows: →, no apparent effects; ↑, slight upregulation; ⇑, strong upregulation; ↓, slight downregulation; ⇓, strong downregulation.
ECM, extracellular matrix.
BAC, bacterial artificial chromosome.
Genes whose induction could not be confirmed by RNA blot hybridization.