Fig. 2.

Dose-dependent Effect of Remdesivir on Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number in HepG2 Cells – A) HepG2 cells were exposed to increasing μM concentrations of remdesivir for 24 or 48 h. At the end of the exposure, DNA was extracted and quantified by qPCR using the nuclear (nDNA) and mitochondrial (mtDNA) gene targets recommended by Malik at el. (2011). B) HepG2 cells were exposed to sub-cytotoxic concentration of 2′, 3′ –dideoxycytidine (40 nM ddC) for 48 h as a positive control for mtDNA depletion. The values are expressed as mtDNA/nDNA copies and expressed as the mean ± S.D. for 3 independent measures. Asterisks indicate statistically significant difference from vehicle control (Student's t-test P < 0.05).