TABLE 2.
Significant associations between maternal characteristics and individual HMOs stratified by secretor status1
| HMOs and maternal characteristics | B-Estimate (SE) | P |
|---|---|---|
| Secretors | ||
| DFLac, mg/mL | ||
| Prepregnancy BMI (kg/m2) | 0.0099 (0.0038) | 0.011 |
| DSLNT, mg/mL | ||
| Race | 0.0312 | |
| White vs. other | −0.0076 (0.060) | 0.903 |
| Asian vs. other | 0.15 (0.073) | 0.0453 |
| LNFPI, mg/mL | ||
| Frequency of direct breastfeeding (n/d) | −0.072 (0.024) | 0.0034 |
| LSTb, mg/mL | ||
| Frequency of direct breastfeeding (n/d) | −0.0051 (0.0025) | 0.043 |
| DSLNT, mg/mL | ||
| Frequency of direct breastfeeding (n/d) | −0.025 (0.0091) | 0.0088 |
| Total HMOs, mg/mL | ||
| Frequency of direct breastfeeding (n/d) | −0.075 (0.032) | 0.021 |
| Non-secretors | ||
| FLNH, mg/mL | ||
| Prepregnancy BMI (kg/m2) | −0.0030 (0.0012) | 0.024 |
| LNT, mg/mL | ||
| Race | 0.0292 | |
| White vs. other | −0.67 (0.27) | 0.0213 |
| Asian vs. other | −0.65 (0.29) | 0.0323 |
| LNFPII, mg/mL | ||
| Race | 0.00222 | |
| White vs. other | 1.04 (0.28) | 0.00093 |
| Asian vs. other | 0.77 (0.29) | 0.0133 |
| DFLNT, mg/mL | ||
| Race | 0.00472 | |
| White vs. other | 0.43 (0.13) | 0.00253 |
| Asian vs. other | 0.36 (0.13) | 0.0133 |
| LNnT, mg/mL | ||
| Race | 0.00242 | |
| White vs. other | −0.46 (0.15) | 0.00443 |
| Asian vs. other | −0.52 (0.15) | 0.00243 |
| 6’SL, mg/mL | ||
| Race | 0.0412 | |
| White vs. other | −0.16 (0.072) | 0.0353 |
| Asian vs. other | −0.17 (0.075) | 0.0363 |
| DSLNT, mg/mL | ||
| Race | 0.0122 | |
| White vs. other | −0.35 (0.12) | 0.00793 |
| Asian vs. other | −0.32 (0.13) | 0.0203 |
| HMO-bound fucose, nmol/mL | ||
| Race | 0.00022 | |
| White vs. other | 2.4 × 103(5.4 × 102) | 0.00013 |
| Asian vs. other | 2.1 × 103 (5.7 × 102) | 0.00083 |
| FDSLNH, mg/mL | ||
| Frequency of direct breastfeeding (n/d) | 0.10 (0.040) | 0.015 |
| 3FL, mg/mL | ||
| Frequency of direct breastfeeding (n/d) | −0.014 (0.0067) | 0.049 |
| 3’SL, mg/mL | ||
| Frequency of direct breastfeeding (n/d) | −0.020 (0.0091) | 0.042 |
Secretors n = 78; non-secretors, n = 29. P values less than 0.05 were significant. DFLac, difucosyllactose; DFLNH, difucosyllacto-N-hexaose; DFLNT, difucosyllacto-N-tetrose; DSLNT, disialyllacto-N-tetraose; FDSLNH, fucodisialyllacto-N-hexaose; FLNH, fucosyllacto-N-hexaose; HMO, human milk oligosaccharide; LNFP I/II, lacto-N-fucopentaose-I/II; LNH, lacto-N-hexaose; LNnT, lacto-N-neotetraose; LNT, lacto-N-tetrose; LSTb, sialyl-lacto-N-tetraose-b; 3FL, 3-fucosyllactose; 3′SL, 3′-sialyllactose; 6′SL, 6′-sialyllactose.
Values are overall group-effect P value. Associations between maternal clinical data and HMOs stratified by secretor status were assessed via univariable linear regression models (PROC MIXED; SAS Institute). Maternal race was categorized as White, Asian, or other (pooled Black, South Asian, other); the latter was combined due to low frequency of these races.
Values are the pairwise comparison P-value.