Table 3.
Echocardiographic characteristics.
| Non Diabetic (N = 74/87) | Diabetic (N = 18/21) | Total (N = 92/108) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BSA, (m2) | 2 [1.85–2.12] | 1.9 [1.85–2.3] | 2 [1.85–2.16] | 0.43 |
| LVEDDi, (mm) | 23.7 [22.2–25.8] | 23.5 [21.6–25.6] | 23.7 [22–25.8] | 0.65 |
| LVEDVi, (mm) | 43 [36–55] | 42 [34–48] | 42.3 [39.4−53.9] | 0.44 |
| IVS, (mm) | 11 [9–12] | 11 [9–12] | 10 [9–12] | 0.47 |
| PWT, (mm) | 9 [8–10] | 9 [8–10] | 8 [9–10] | 0.71 |
| RWT | 0.38 [0.33–0.42] | 0.38 [0.33–0.43] | 0.38 [0.33–0.42] | 0.88 |
| LVMi | 85 [70–93] | 75 [69–96] | 80.8 [69.9–93.3] | 0.67 |
| 2D BP LVEF, (%) | 55 [55–60] | 55 [54–59] | 55 [55–60] | 0.25 |
| TAPSE, (mm) | 23 (20-24) | 22 [18–23] | 23 [20–24] | 0.14 |
| E wave, (m/sec) | 0.64 [0.5–0.8] | 0.79 [0.64–1.01] | 0.68 [0.52–0.81] | 0.014 |
| E/A, (ratio) | 0.87 [0.7–1.2] | 0.9 [0.8–1.2] | 0.88 [0.7–1.2] | 0.84 |
| e' septal, (m/sec) | 0.07 [0.05–0.08] | 0.06 [0.05–0.08] | 0.07 [0.05–0.08] | 0.64 |
| e', lateral, (m/sec) | 0.09 [0.07–0.11] | 0.09 [0.08–0.10] | 0.09 [0.07–0.11] | 0.76 |
| e', average, (m/sec) | 0.08 [0.06–0.10] | 0.07 [0.06–0.09] | 0.08 [0.06–0.1] | 0.94 |
| E/e' average | 8.2 [6.6–10.3] | 9.8 [8.7–12] | 8.7 [7–11] | 0.026 |
| TR V max, (m/sec) | 2.5 [2.4–2.7] | 2.6 [2.5–2.7] | 2.5 [2.4–2.7] | 0.40 |
| TR gradient, (mmHg) | 30 [25–35] | 30 [28–38] | 30 [25–35] | 0.24 |
| LAVi, (ml/m2) | 25.5 [20.2–31.6] | 24.6 [21.2–30.2] | 25.5 [21.2–31.2] | 0.96 |
| E/e' > 14 | 9 (12.3) | 2 (11.1) | 11 (12.1) | 0.89 |
| e' sep. <0.07 or e' lat. <0.1 m/s | 47 (64.4) | 12 (66.7) | 59 (64.8) | 0.86 |
| LAVi > 34 ml/m2 | 14 (19.2) | 4 (22.2) | 18 (19.8) | 0.77 |
| TR vel. > 2.8 | 10 (13.7) | 2 (11.1) | 12 (13.2) | 0.77 |
| Diastolic function | 0.50 | |||
| Normal | 55 (75.3) | 14 (77.8) | 69 (75.8) | |
| Indeterminate | 12 (16.4) | 3 (16.7) | 15 (16.5) | |
| Dysfunction | 6 (8.2) | 2 (11.1) | 8 (7.7) | |
| LASr, (%) | 28 [24–35] | 23 [17–26] | 26 [22–34] | 0.001 |
| LASct, (%) | 15 [12–18] | 10 [7–13] | 14 [11–17] | 0.002 |
| LAScd, (%) | 13 [11–19] | 11 [7–12] | 12 [9–18] | 0.004 |
Continuous variables are presented as median (IQR); categorical ones as n (%).
LVEDD, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter indexed to BSA; LVEDVi, left ventricular end-diastolic volume indexed to BSA; IVS, interventricular septum; PWT, posterior wall thickness; LVMi, left ventricular mass indexed to BSA; 2D LVEF, two-dimensional left ventricular ejection fraction; TAPSE, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; TR, tricuspid regurgitation; LAVi, left atrium volume index. LASr, left atrial reservoir strain; LASct, left atrial contraction strain; LAScd, left atrial conduit strain.