Table 3.
Immunocytokines in clinical trials.
| Immuno-cytokine | Cytokine | Route | Target / Ab | Combination | Clinical Trial Phase (indication) | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||
| NHS-IL12 | IL-12 | s.c. Q4W | necrosis (histones)/IgG | avelumab (anti-PD-L1) - | Phase 1 (solid tumors) Phase 2 (Kaposi Sarcoma) | [105] |
| Hu14.18-IL2 | IL-2 | i.v. 3xQ1D | cell surface (GD2) / IgG | - | Phase 2 (neuroblastoma/ melanoma) | [106] |
| FAP-IL2v (RG7461) | IL-2 (↓CD25) | i.v. Q1W | Cell surface (FAP) / IgG (↓FcγR ↓C1q) | tecetriq, avastin, pembrolizumab (anti-PD1) | Phase 1 (melanoma/ RCN) | [107] |
| IL12-F8-F8 (Dodekin) | IL-12 | - | vasculature / diabody | - | Phase 1 | [108] |
| L19-IL2 (Darleukin) | IL-2 | i.v. Q1W | vasculature (EDB) / diabody | SBRT | Phase 2 (NSCLC) | [108] |
| rituximab (anti-CD20) | Phase 1 (B cell lymphoma) | |||||
| L19-TNF (Fibromun) | TNF-α | i.v Q2D | vasculature (EDB) / scFv | doxorubicin / dacarbazine | Phase 3 EU / Phase 2 US (soft tissue sarcoma) | [108] |
| - | Phase 2 US (glioma) | |||||
| L19-IL2 + L19-TNF (Daromum) | IL-2 + TNF-α | i.t. Q1W | vasculature (EDB) | - | Phase 3 (Stage IIIB/C melanoma) | [108] |
| F16-IL2 (Teleukin) | IL-2 | i.v. Q1W | vasculature (tenascin-C)/ diabody | anti-CD33 antibody | Phase 1 (AML) | [108] |
| F8-IL10 (Dekavil) | IL-10 | s.c. Q1W | vasculature (EDA) / scFv | methotrexate | Phase 2 (RA and ulcerative colitis) | [108] |
| DI-Leu16-IL2 | IL2 | s.c. 3xQ1D | cell surface (CD20) / IgG | after rituximab (anti-CD20) | Phase 2 (Lymphoma) | [109] |
| CD20-IFNα (IGN002) | IFNα | i.v Q1W | cell surface (CD20) / IgG | - | Phase 1 (NHL) | [110] |
|
| ||||||
| Discontinued a) | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| NHS-IL2T (Selectkine) | IL-2 (↑CD25) | i.v. Q3W | necrosis (histones)/IgG | SBRT/ipilimumab (anti-CTLA-4) | Phase 2 (melanoma) | [111] |
| CEA-IL2v | IL-2 (↓CD25) | i.v. Q1–3W | cell surface (CEA) / IgG (↓FcγR ↓C1q) | atezolizumab (anti-PDL1) | Phase 1 (advanced and/or metastatic tumors) | [87] |
| huKS-IL2 | IL-2 | i.v. 3xQ1D | EpCAM / IgG | cyclophosphamide | Phase 2 (SCLC) | [112] |
| BC1-IL12 (AS1409) | IL-12 | i.v. Q1W | vasculature (B-FN) / IgG | - | Phase 1 (melanoma, RCN) | [113] |
a)
no active trials and/or removed from companies’ pipeline
EDB: extra domain B of fibronectin; EDA: extra domain A of fibronectin; B-FN: isoform of fibronectin; FAP: Fibroblast activation protein alpha; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; GD2: Disialoganglioside; RCN: renal cell carcinoma; SBRT: stereotactic body radiation therapy