Figure 4. Propagation of sequencing errors in base space to minimizer space.

We consider a sequence along with its minimizers (left of the box). Each panel inside the box depicts the effect of a different mutation on this sequence. Top left panel: G → C (in purple) leads to no change in the minimizer-space representation as the mutation did not change or create any minimizer. Bottom left: A → G led to the disappearance of m₂. Top right: C → A made the m₃ minimizer appear. Bottom right: T → A affected two minimizers: m₄ was substituted for m₁, and m₃ was inserted.